Author(s): Morgado, Luís
Date: 2010
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/399
Origin: Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém
Subject(s): Visualização mental; Treino mental; Livre directo; futebol; Imagery; Mental Training; Free kick; Football
Dissertação apresentada com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desporto, Especialização em Treino Desportivo Orientador: Professor Doutor Carlos Silva
Pretendemos com este estudo aumentar o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos subjacentes à visualização mental e demonstrar a sua eficácia no contexto desportivo. Existe ampla evidência que a prática mental combinada e alternada com a prática física, é mais eficaz na aprendizagem de um elemento técnico, do que a prática física isolada. No nosso estudo procurámos fazê-lo em relação ao livre directo no Futebol. Numa primeira parte, procedemos à validação da tradução e adaptação do Questionário de Avaliação da Capacidade de Visualização Mental (QCVM), desenvolvido por Bump (1989). Apesar de existir uma tradução efectuada por Alves em 1996, esta nunca foi validada. Numa segunda parte do estudo, dividimos a nossa amostra (n=145) de forma aleatória em três grupos, grupo experimental 1 (prática combinada, n=47), grupo experimental 2 (prática motora, n=48) e grupo 3 (grupo de controlo, n=50). O grupo 1 realizou treino mental juntamente com o treino de prática motora, o grupo 2 apenas realizou o treino de prática motora e o grupo 3 não efectuou qualquer tipo de treino. Para a avaliação da prestação da tarefa motora, os atletas dos diferentes grupos realizaram dez ensaios, com o objectivo de obter a máxima pontuação possível. Para tal, foi utilizada uma baliza de Futebol 11, dividida com diferentes áreas de pontuação. Após o período de 6 semanas (12 sessões) de treino de visualização mental, verificou-se que o grupo de prática combinada apresentou uma melhoria de desempenho significativamente superior ao grupo de prática motora, tendo o grupo de controlo apresentado mesmo um decréscimo na sua performance. Registou-se também uma melhoria da capacidade de visualização mental nos indivíduos que estiveram sujeitos ao programa de treino de visualização mental. - This essay aims to increase knowledge about the underlying mechanisms to mental imagery and demonstrate its effectiveness in the sporting context. There is ample evidence that mental practice combined and alternated with physical practice is more effective in learning a technical element, rather than physical practice alone. In our study we tried to do it over the free kick in soccer. In the first part, we proceed to validate the translation and adaptation of the Questionnaire for Assessment of Mental Capacity View (QCVM) developed by Bump (1989). Although there is a translation by Alves in 1996, this was never validated. In the second part of the study, we divided our sample (n = 145) randomly into three groups, experimental group 1 (combined practice, n = 47), experimental group 2 (motor task, n = 48) and group 3 (control group, n = 50). The experimental group 1 held a mental training along with training of motor task, the second group only performed the motor task training and group 3 did not make any kind of training. For the evaluation of the benefit of the motor task, the athletes of the different groups performed ten trials with the aim of obtaining maximum possible score. We used a Football 11’s goal, split with different scoring areas. After a period of six weeks (12 sessions) training mental imagery, it was found that the combined practice group showed significantly better performance than the motor practice group, and the control group displayed even a decrease in performance. There was also an improvement in the ability of mental imagery in individuals who have been subject to rigorous training program for mental imagery.This essay aims to increase knowledge about the underlying mechanisms to mental imagery and demonstrate its effectiveness in the sporting context. There is ample evidence that mental practice combined and alternated with physical practice is more effective in learning a technical element, rather than physical practice alone. In our study we tried to do it over the free kick in soccer. In the first part, we proceed to validate the translation and adaptation of the Questionnaire for Assessment of Mental Capacity View (QCVM) developed by Bump (1989). Although there is a translation by Alves in 1996, this was never validated. In the second part of the study, we divided our sample (n = 145) randomly into three groups, experimental group 1 (combined practice, n = 47), experimental group 2 (motor task, n = 48) and group 3 (control group, n = 50). The experimental group 1 held a mental training along with training of motor task, the second group only performed the motor task training and group 3 did not make any kind of training. For the evaluation of the benefit of the motor task, the athletes of the different groups performed ten trials with the aim of obtaining maximum possible score. We used a Football 11’s goal, split with different scoring areas. After a period of six weeks (12 sessions) training mental imagery, it was found that the combined practice group showed significantly better performance than the motor practice group, and the control group displayed even a decrease in performance. There was also an improvement in the ability of mental imagery in individuals who have been subject to rigorous training program for mental imagery.
