The international exploration-exploitation dichotomy is used in this study to expand on the resource-based view (RBV) and gain a deeper understanding of how these two distinct capabilities affect the adoption of I4.0 in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). We investigate managers' cognitive systems as a crucial microfoundation for the international organizational ambidexterity (i.e., exploration-exploitation), given that both managerial cognition and microfoundations perspective are underdeveloped and undertheorized. The study shows that managerial cognition is a crucial microfoundation of international organizational ambidexterity in the context of I4.0 adoption by using structural equation modeling on a sample of 116 Portuguese international SMEs. The findings also reveal neither international exploration nor exploitation has succeeded in creating new opportunities for the application of a technology-based model in SMEs internationalizing earlier. However, a post-hoc analysis revealed that under early internationalization, less (more) experienced SMEs benefit from international exploration (exploitation) to implement I4.0 technologies. This study concludes with implications and future research avenues.

The adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often rests on its positive evaluation from managers, decision-makers, and entrepreneurs. Because of the mixed outcomes attainable through the SMEs’ openness to disruptive changes, managers must weigh the beneficial aspects of I4.0 against the complexities, challenges, and drawbacks coming from its implementation. Drawing upon the tenets of the dual-process theory (DPT), this study highlights the cognitive configurations leading to managerial willingness (or reluctance) to adopt I4.0. This is done by investigating perceptions about the international markets in terms of risk and uncertainty, and by assessing organizational stimuli to openness, such as the explorative and exploitative orientations (i.e., ambidexterity), in combination with decision-makers’ cognitive systems. To shed further light on observed heterogenous outcomes, this study explores the managerial willingness (or reluctance) towards I4.0 adoption among 157 managers working in international SMEs. The results of combined Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) outline different decisional paths associated with willingness and reluctance to adopt I4.0 for internationalization. This empirical evidence, therefore, contributes to the “human side of I4.0” by providing fruitful implications about cognitive configurations of decision-makers in international SMEs concerning I4.0 practices.

This article presents a methodology that aims to explore how the decision-makers’ cognition affects the speed of internationalization. Managerial cognition is evaluated through the lens of the dual-process theory, which assumes that human information processing is made by two systems: (1) the intuitive and experiential cognitive system – System X, and (2) the rational and analytical cognitive system – System C. The speed of internationalization process is examined in terms of earliness (how soon after inception a firm enters in international markets) and post-internationalization speed (how fast a firm involves with new foreign markets after the first entry). This methodology has been put in practice in a multiple case study: the Portuguese footwear industry. The presence of some misalignments between our initial proposal and its implementation helped us to reshape and emphasize specific processes and behaviors associated to the methodology. The results suggest that, when making the decision about the first international entry, the decision-makers of the firms internationalizing earlier mostly relied on the intuitive cognitive system, while the decision-makers of the firm delaying the first entry showed a predominance of the rational cognitive system. However, regardless of being an early or later entrant, the sampled firms combine intuition with analysis to make the final decision about further involvements with foreign markets, resulting in a gradual and slower post-internationalization. Our in depth-analysis suggests that the Uppsala model could be questioned because the speed of internationalization process seems to be governed by how decision-makers perceive a given reality based on its cognition.

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de reflexão o Faunas – teatro portátil, um projeto de teatro vocacionado para públicos escolares, lançado e desenvolvido por mim desde 2005. Este documento pretende também ser a base de candidatura para atribuição do Título de Especialista na área do Teatro – Artes do Espetáculo, em conformidade com o disposto no Decreto-Lei nº 206/2009 de 31 de Agosto. Em 2005, escrevi um texto, construí um cenário, treinei o meu corpo e a minha voz, decorei o texto, ensaiei uma partitura de ações, desmontei o encosto de banco traseiro de um Citroën AX, carreguei-o com o cenário e, com um colega músico (o Allen, um percussionista e construtor de instrumentos musicais), fui a um colégio apresentar a primeira peça de teatro do Projeto Faunas. Foi o primeiro passo num percurso de criação, aprendizagem e descoberta, que me trouxe até aqui. Eu era a única atriz, sozinha num palco que não existia, mas o que eu fazia não era bem um monólogo nem era bem uma sessão de contador de histórias. Atrevo-me a dizer que seria teatro, por compor a perceção de uma realidade imaginada, num determinado espaço e em presença de público.

In an increasingly global world, the internationalization process plays an essential role in the company's growth, becoming more important when the domestic market is smaller. This study's main objective is to identify and map studies on barriers to internationalization in order to identify current and future trends that allow inducing new forms and perspectives in the field of research, filling the existing gaps. For the development of this study, we used the collection of articles published in the Web of Science database due to its wide coverage in internationally indexed articles of recognized quality by the scientific community. The results of this study make it possible to identify and map the main obstacles that companies in the textile sector face at the time of internationalization. These results can lead to new ways and perspectives in the field of research and new policies that help companies to overcome these barriers and fill the existing gaps.

Este Projecto realizado no âmbito do Programa PEDIZA tem como objectivo efectuar uma avaliação do comportamento, em sistemas de regadio, de variedades de trigo duro, inscritas no Catálogo Nacional de Variedades, no que diz respeito à susceptibilidade às principais doenças, determinação da produção, à qualidade para o fabrico de massas e à evolução da flora infestante real e do banco de sementes.

O objectivo da jornada luso-brasileira é lançar um debate em torno do que tem vindo a ser denominado por “violências urbanas”, envolvendo vários problemas associados ao fenómeno. A ideia é comparar perspetivas teóricas, de engajamento político e social no Brasil e em Portugal. Comunicação apresentada na reunião científica organizada pelo Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa (ICS-UL), no dia 10 de Fevereiro de 2009, sob a coordenação de João Pina Cabral, Susana Durão e Márcia Pereira Leite. O presente texto mantém o tom oratório desenvolvido aquando da Jornada.

Este Projecto tem como objectivos dinamizar o Centro Hortofrutícola, o que tem sido conseguido através do empenho e interesse dos alunos desta Escola que têm efectuado os seu trabalhos de fim de Curso nestas áreas, assim como de outros trabalhos desenvolvidos no Centro, alguns dos quais em colaboração com Associações de Agricultores, situação que pretendemos que se repita, porque só desta forma se conseguirá um maior incremento e desenvolvimento destas culturas na região.

Context/Purpose: In the Southern of Alentejo region (Portugal), the surrounding area of Roxo stream features sections completely sterile, putting in question the productivity of agricultural activities there lo-cated. This may be due to the affluence of the Água Forte stream, which has Acid Mining Drainage (AMD) characteristics. In view of this situation, it is considered relevant to solve this problem, using ef-fective solutions for the removal of pollutants and environmentally sustainable. • The use of Floating Beds (FB) is an Eco-rehabilitation strategy of pol-luted waters. They have the ability to degrade pollutants by taking ad-vantage of the benefits that ecosystems have, so they can be used to improve the quality of surface water bodies. In this study, the FB sys-tem is applied for treatment of running water (stream), which use has never been investigated. The aim of this work was to test, at real scale, the possibility of using the technique of Floating Beds in order to treat, the water of Água Forte stream, with the propose to improve their quality. • Methods: Three floating beds (3.3 m2/unit; density 40.5 plants/m2) were placed, on real scale, on Água Forte stream and water quality and macrophyte (Vetiveria Zizanioides) performance were monitored and evaluated monthly during May 2020 to November 2021 on two places; after FB location and 100m before them. • Results: The characterization of water quality of Água Forte stream has shown, among others: i) acid pH, ii) high Electrical Conductivity (EC), iii) high COD, iv) low Oxygen Dissolved (OD) levels, v) high levels of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn, vi) low concentrations of Nitrogen and Phosphorous nutrients, vii) high levels of Chlorides and Sulphates, • The main removal rates obtained with treatment were i) SO42-= 8,0±12,0%, ii) EC=3,0%, iii) COD= 13,5±12,0%, iv) Cl-=9,0±8,0, v) Pt= 19,5±16,0%, vi)NH4+= 17,0± 15,0; vii) Cu = 29,6±20,0 %, viii) Zn = 21,5±15,0 %, ix) Fe = 49,8±29,0 % and x) Mn = 37,3±20,5 %. The pH remained acid. • Conclusion: Treatment by LFs seemed to be more effective in remov-ing metals compared to other parameters, although there has been a decrease in almost all physical-chemical parameters analyzed.