Background: To solve the problem of difficulty in recruiting and retaining general practitioners(GPs) in remote suburbs,Former Shanghai Pudong New Area Health and Family Planning Commission issued the "Eight Incentive Policies" to attract and retain GPs in rural areas.Paying attention to the level of GPs' turnover and related factors is of great significance to the improvement of talent incentive policies.Objective: To evaluate the level of turnover intention and influencing factors in GPs in Shanghai's Pudong New Area,so that to provide a reference for the improvement of regional health talent incentive policies.Methods: During the period from June to December 2016,all GPs working in community health centers(CHCs) in Pudong New Area were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey,involving personal characteristics,position and CHC characteristics,GP's family support and local community support,and turnover intention(scores ranged from 1 to 6,the higher the score,the stronger the turnover intention).1 145 of the 1 261 GPs returned responsive questionnaires,achieving a response rate of 90.80%.Results: Analysis of the survey results showed that the average total turnover intention score for the respondents was(2.26±0.95).Personal characteristics were not significantly associated with turnover intention score(P>0.05).Turnover intention score differed significantly by type of position and geographical location of the CHC(in the domain of position and CHC characteristics)(P<0.05).Moreover,turnover intention score varied obviously by GP's family support and local community support besides local residents' cooperation with GPs(in the domain of GP's family support and local community support)(P<0.05).Conclusion: The overall level of GPs' turnover intention in Pudong New Area is low,which is significantly influenced by position and CHC characteristics,GP's family support and local community support.Therefore,to reduce GPs' turnover intention,priorities should be given to reasonably narrowing the income gap between managerial and professional health workers,increasing GP's family support,enhancing health education among the local residents,and improving the propaganda and implementation of the incentives for GPs.

Objective To analyze teh relationship between perceived organizational support, psychological contract breach and turnover intention, so dat to provide a new idea for teh improvement of incentives for general practitioners. Mehtods During teh period from June to December 2016, two questionnaire surveys were conducted among teh general practitioners of teh Community Health Centers in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Teh first survey measured demographic sociology information, perceived organizational support, and psychological contract breach. Teh second survey measured turnover intention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical software. Results 1145 GPs got score of 4.59±0.85 in perceived organizational support, score of 2.87±0.53 in psychological contract breach, and score of 2.26±0.95 in turnover intention. Psychological contract breach and perceived organizational support had a negative effect on turnover intention, and psychological contract breach had a positive effect on perceived organizational support, and perceived organizational support had a partial mediation role in psychological contract breach and turnover intention. Conclusion Teh incentive measures for general practitioners in Pudong New Area of Shanghai need to be further improved from teh aspects of strengtaning interpretation and guaranteeing implementation, and emphasis on career development.

Objectives: To understand the status quo of the on satisfaction and organization support and career commitment of resident standardized training teachers on in China, compare the gaps of teacher’s different personality on those of factors, analyze the impact of satisfaction and organization support of resident standardized training on career commitment and give some reference on continuous promoting resident standardized training system in China. Methods: Teachers who participated the 2017 Summit Forum of China’s National Standardized Training for Resident Doctors were selected to have an online questionnaire. Results: The investigated has high levels of job satisfaction, perceived organizational support and career commitment. Their job satisfaction and perceived organizational support has significant positive effect on the career commitment. There are some differences among teachers personality characters on the impacts of job satisfaction, organization support and career commitments. Conclusions: It is considered to establish a standardized system for admittance of qualified teacher, improve the motivation mechanism and improve career commitment to assure the quality of resident standardized training in China.

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has received increasing international attention and research. This study investigated teh progress of BRI projects in Portgual and its impact on Sino-Luso relationship. Through first hand-data collected from interviews in Portugal and second-hand data from publications and official statistics, our study reveals that 1) Chinese BRI has made significant progress in policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people bonds in Portugal; 2) Teh motives of China’s BRI in Portugal are primarily resource-driven for energy, knowledge and technology; 3) Despite there are opinions against BRI, overall it is widely believed that teh initiative is beneficial in promoting economic and social development in Portugal; 4) Majority of respondents hold favourable opinion toward Chinese BRI, and believe it will lead to a win-win outcome for both China and teh BRI host country. Implications for policy-making and companies are discussed.

Objective: To develop a scale of the doctor-patient relationship in China (DPR-C). Methods: A scale was developed by literature reviews and expert interviews and tested among 162 doctors,then was validated and empirically examined with 1971 doctors nationwide using exploratory factor analysis (EFA),confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and other statistical methods,verified the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: The DPR-C has10 items,which includes two factors,“trust between doctor and patient” and “patient-centered treatment”. Conclusion:The scale has satisfactory reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the doctor-patient relationship from doctor’s perspective in China.

Soil total nitrogen is an important nutrient index. Hyperspectral technology is used to study and build a hyperspectral estimation model of total nitrogen content in Shajiang black soil, which provides a reference for crop fertilization and the development of precision agriculture. This paper attempts to study the feasibility of discrete wavelets to estimate soil total nitrogen content. Taking different wheat nitrogen fertilizer treatments in Shangshui County, Henan Province, as the experimental area, 100 samples of Shajiang black soil with a depth of 0~20 cm were collected. After the soil samples were air-dried in the dark and processed by grinding and screening, the spectra were collected in the darkroom of the laboratory. The total samples (100 sand ginger black soil) were divided into 75 modeling sets and 25 validation sets. The original spectrum was transformed by the first derivative, and the first derivative spectrum was analyzed by correlation analysis and discrete wavelet transform respectively. At the same time, the hyperspectral estimation model of soil total nitrogen content was constructed by combining the support vector machine and the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. The correlation between the single band of the original spectrum and the first derivative spectrum and soil total nitrogen were systematically analyzed. The results showed that after the first derivative transformation, the spectrum had a better correlation with soil total nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient reached 0. 84 at 1 373 nm. The discrete wavelet algorithm selects the best mother wavelet and decomposition level of the first derivative spectrum. The results show that the wavelet coefficients decomposed by the Sym8 function can better reconstruct the spectral information of soil total nitrogen. Further, based on the low-frequency coefficients of decomposition layer Li-Ln , the support vector regression and k-nearest neighbor regression estimation models of soil total nitrogen content were established respectively, and all the estimation models were compared. The model constructed by combining the low-frequency coefficients of decomposition layer L5 with k-nearest neighbor is the best. The determination coefficient of modeling is 0. 90, the root mean square deviation is 0. 09 g • kg 1 , and the relative analysis error is 3. 78. The validation determination coefficient is 0. 97, the root mean square deviation is 0. 05 g • kg 1 , and the relative analysis deviation is 4. 30. At the same time, compared with the model constructed with the full band and the sensitive band selected after correlation analysis as input, the accuracy of the K-neighbor model is improved by 3. 2% and 9% , and the accuracy of the support vector machine model is improved by 6. 7% and 11. 6%. The results show that the first derivative transform and discrete wavelet technology can effectively suppress the impact of noise, improve the estimation accuracy of soil total nitrogen content, reduce the dimension of spectral data, simplify the complexity of the model, and provide a reference for the accurate estimation of the total nitrogen content of Shajiang black soil. ---- 土壤全氮是重要的养分指标, 利用高光谱技术研究并构建砂姜黑土全氮含量高光谱估测模型, 为作物施肥及发展精确农业提供参考. 尝试研究离散小波估测土壤全氮含量的可行性, 以河南省商水县不同小麦氮肥处理为试验区, 采集 100 份 0~20 cm 的砂姜黑土, 土壤样本风干并经研磨过筛等处理后, 在实验室暗室内采集光谱. 利用含量梯度法, 将总样本(100 个砂姜黑土) 划分为建模集 75 个和验证集 25 个. 将原始光谱进行一阶导数变换, 并对一阶导数光谱分别进行相关分析和离散小波变换, 同时结合支持向量机和 K 邻近算法构建高光谱土壤全氮估测模型. 系统分析了原始光谱和  阶导数光谱的单波段与土壤全氮的相关性, 结果表明, 经  阶导数变换后的光谱与土壤全氮有更好的相关性, 在 1 373 nm 处相关系数达到最高为 0.84. 利用离散小波算法对一阶导数光谱进行最佳母小波和分解层次选择*结果显示, 经 sym8 函数分解的小波系数能较好的重构土壤全氮光谱信息, 进  步基于分解层 L1—L11 的低频系数分别建立支持向量回归和 K 邻近回归土壤全氮含量估测模型, 比较全部估测模型, 以分解层 L5 的低频系数结合 K 邻近构建的模型最优, 建模决定系数为 0.90, 均方根偏差为 0.09g·kg-1, 相对分析误差为 3.78, 验证决定系数为 0.97, 均方根偏差为 0.05 g·kg-1, 相对分析误差为 4.30. 同时与全波段和经相关分析后挑选出的敏感波段作为输入构建的模型进行比较, K 邻近模型精度提高了 3.2% 和 9%, 支持向量机模型精度提高了 6.7% 和 11.6%.研究结果表明一阶导数变换与离散小波技术可有效减少噪声影响, 提高土壤全氮含量的估测精度, 又实现了光谱数据降维, 简化了模型复杂度, 为砂浆黑土全氮含量的精确估测提供参考.

Este livro é a tradução para chinês do livro, em português do Brasil, &quot;Genética forense e governança da criminalidade&quot;. Esta obra mobiliza uma perspectiva sociológica crítica para explorar modos contemporâneos da governança da criminalidade por via da genética forense. Helena Machado e Rafaela Granja abordam um conjunto de temas útil à compreensão do lugar e do papel da genética nos sistemas de justiça criminal, bem como os desafios sociais, éticos e políticos subjacentes. Em particular, as autoras exploram os usos da genética para identificar suspeitos criminais ou para prever o comportamento humano e os riscos para a privacidade e direitos humanos associados, a expansão da vigilância transnacional e o uso do big data. O livro integra também a análise de tecnologias controversas que têm o potencial de consolidar a criminalização e estigmatização de determinados grupos sociais, indivíduos e famílias, bem como fazer recrudescer manifestações racistas baseadas na biologia. Redigido numa linguagem acessível, este livro destina-se a estudantes, pesquisadores e profissionais de diversas áreas – da Sociologia, Criminologia e outras ciências sociais ao Direito e à Genética Forense.

[Excerpt] 一直以来，钢筋混凝土凭借其耐久性和相对较低的养护成本，成为民用基础设施（例如桥梁）的主要建筑材料。然而近年来有证据表明，钢筋混凝土实际的养护和维修成本较高。 氯化物引起的腐蚀是钢筋混凝土劣化的主要原因之一。2002年，美国腐蚀工程师协会（NACE）和美国联邦公路署(FHWA)指出，由于钢筋腐蚀，美国约有13.4万座桥梁存在结构缺陷。因此，研究人员和有关组织机构已致力于开发、改善氯化物的导入模型。研究中使用的模型得到了国际结构混凝土联合会（fib）欧洲混凝土规范Model Code 2010(MC2010)，fib公告34 (fib Bulletin 34)，fib公告59 (fib Bulletin 59)和fib公告76 (fib Bulletin 76)的支持。 测量和监测氯含量的技术，以及将相关数据用于贝叶斯统计法决策的研究，也引起了广泛关注。此外，COST行动TU1402“量化结构健康监测（SHM）的价值”（2014-2019）在贝叶斯决策理论方面做出了巨大贡献，共有来自中国、美国、澳洲等29个国家的学术界、混凝土行业、基础设施业主、运营方和政府的人士参与。这一行动侧重于在贝叶斯决策理论的框架下，制定信息价值（VoI）分析，进而做出最优决策。[...]

The two-stage iterative methods are also called inner/outer iterative methods. The multistage iteration is nested by several two-stage iterations. Those methods are especial- ly suitable for parallel computation, and can be viewed as extensions of classical iterative methods or as preconditioners for conjugate gradient methods. In this paper, we consider the multistage iterative methods for solving symmetric positive definite Toeplitz systems. Based on the Toeplitz structure, we first construct a multistage block Jacobi splitting, then we prove that the corresponding splitting at each level is P-regular, and show that the resulting method is convergent when the number of iteration at each level is even. At the end, we give some numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our methods.