Author(s): Rebelo, Ricardo ; Fialho, Luis ; Novais, Maria Helena
Date: 2025
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10174/38821
Origin: Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora
Subject(s): Electrical Insulation; Floating PV; Solar Energy; Water Quality
Background: Floating photovoltaics (FPV) is an emerging technology that is gaining attention worldwide. However, little information is still available on its possible impacts in the aquatic ecosystems, as well as on the durability of its components. Therefore, this work intends to provide a contribution to this field, analysing possible obstacles that can compromise the performance of this technology, adding to an increase of its reliability and assessing possible impacts. The problem under study is related to the potential submersion of photovoltaic cables, that can lead to a degradation of its electrical insulation capabilities and, consequently, higher energy production losses and water contamination. Methods: In the present study, the submersion of photovoltaic cables (with two different insulation materials) in freshwater and artificial seawater was tested, in order to replicate real life conditions, when FPV systems are located in reservoirs or in the marine environment. Electrical insulation tests were carried out weekly to assess possible cable degradation, the physical-chemical characteristics of the water were also periodically monitored, complemented by analysis to detect traces of copper and microplastics in the water. Results: The results showed that the submersion of photovoltaic cables with rubber sheath in saltwater can lead to a cable accelerated degradation, with reduction of its electrical insulation and, consequently, copper release into the aquatic environment. Conclusions: The test results pointed a probable relationship between submersion of cables with rubber outer shell and water freezing temperatures and the occurrence of accelerated degradation of the cable insulation layer. Reduced insulation resistance values were measured in this cable type after the occurrence of such temperatures, both in salt and freshwater, the cable presented visible exterior degradation signs. For this case copper residues were detected in the water.
This research was financially supported by the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No [952879](Accessible, reliable and affordable solar irrigation for Europe and beyond [SolAqua]). This project also received funding from the EERES4WATER project (EAPA_1058/2018), co-financed by the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Development Regional Fund.
