Author(s): Oliveira, Maria das Gra??as Lopes e
Date: 2015
Origin: Oasisbr
Subject(s): Pecu??ria leiteira - Amazonas; Qualidade do leite - Amazonas; Produtividade - Leite - Amazonas; Manejo da ordenha; Economia agropecu??ria; Quality of milk - Amazon; CI??NCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria das Gracas Lopes e Oliveira.pdf: 268401 bytes, checksum: d7ebeaf0ac79b3bf1b219d054b934fdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-29
SUFRAMA - Superintend??ncia da Zona Franca de Manaus
The several changes in the economical and social conjuncture of the country, happened in the last decades, affected the Brazilian production of milk significantly. This activity is of great economical importance for the agricultural sector, because it has an expressive number of small producers; it generates income and employment opportunities for many families, and it produces feedstock for milk products industry. The dairy agribusiness is too much important, therefore, this research has as general objective to study the problems of the production of bovine milk in Careiro da V??rzea and Autazes, counties of State of Amazonas. The specific objectives of the research: a) To identify the volume of production and productivity of selected establishments; b) To compare the conditions of milking, human handling, cattle feeding, the management and hygiene with the established patterns; c) To verify transportation conditions of milk, from the farm to the establishment of processing and commercialization. The theoretical basis was ruled in the specialized literature in the theme of the production of milk and of the quality of nutritious products; besides the legal instruments established by the government that talks about production of milk. The method used in this research involved primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained "in loco", by the application of research questionnaire, of intentional character, in 25 milk producing properties located in both counties. The secondary data were collected in the basis of data made available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics IBGE and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO. The results show that the rate of production and productivity cow/year in the researched establishments is low. However, that rate was higher than the municipal rate found for the period 1990-2007. About milking, storage and transport of milk, was verified that are practiced in a rudimentary way, in inadequate and incompatible c onditions with the patterns recommended by the control organs and sanitary inspection. In general, the production is destined to cooperatives which produce cheese and other derivatives. They are also responsible for transportation costs, which depending on the distance, practice differential pric ing to producers, affecting the revenue and profit of the establishment. The establishments surveyed present similar characteristics, such as low skill dairy breeds; shortage of skilled labor; resistance to use of technological innovations, low tendency to form cooperatives; poor services of sanitary inspection and quality control of milk, absence management and controlling costs, expenses and revenue, which in turn impair performance bottlenecks and activity. To mitigate or eliminate these factors is necessary to implement polic ies and strategies that increase the dairy industry in these counties. These policies require training of manpower, use of management tools, including formal control of production costs, revenues and expenses on the property, use of new technologies, larger involvement of the technical support organs and access to lines credit, capital and investments
As diversas mudan??as na conjuntura econ??mica e social do pa??s, ocorridas nas ??ltimas d??cadas, afetaram significativamente a produ????o de leite, atividade de grande relev??ncia econ??mica para o setor agropecu??rio, por acomodar um n??mero expressivo de pequenos produtores; gerar renda e oportunidade de emprego para muitas fam??lias; e produzir mat??ria-prima para a ind??stria de latic??nio. Levando-se em conta a import??ncia do agroneg??cio do leite, este estudo teve como objetivo geral estudar os problemas relacionados ?? produ????o de leite bovino nos munic??pios do Careiro da V??rzea e de Autazes, no Amazonas. No campo especifico buscou-se: a) Identificar o volume de produ????o e a produtividade dos estabelecimentos selecionados; b) comparar as condi????es da ordenha, do manejo, da alimenta????o do rebanho, e da higieniza????o, com os padr??es estabelecidos; c) verificar as condi????es de transporte do leite, do estabelecimento at?? os postos de beneficiamento e comercializa????o. O referencial te??rico foi pautado na literatura especializada na tem??tica da produ????o de leite e da qualidade de produtos aliment??cios; al??m dos instrumentos legais estabelecidos pelo governo, que tratam da produ????o de leite. O m??todo utilizado na investiga????o envolveu dados prim??rios e secund??rios. Os dados prim??rios foram obtidos in loco , mediante a aplica????o de question??rio de pesquisa, de car??ter intencional, em 25 propriedades produtoras de leite situadas nos dois munic??pios. Por sua vez, os dados secund??rios foram coletados na base de dados disponibilizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat??stica - IBGE e Organiza????o das Na????es Unidas para Agricultura e Alimenta????o - FAO. Os resultados alcan??ados mostraram que o ??ndice de produ????o e produtividade vaca/ano nos estabelecimentos pesquisados ?? baixo. No entanto, esse ??ndice foi superior ao ??ndice municipal encontrado para o per??odo 1990-2007. Quanto ao manejo da ordenha, o armazenamento e o transporte do leite, constatou-se que s??o praticados de forma rudimentar, em condi????es inadequadas e incompat??veis com os padr??es recomendados pelos ??rg??os de controle e inspe????o sanit??ria. Em geral, a produ????o ?? destinada ??s cooperativas, que produzem queijos e outros derivados. Elas tamb??m s??o respons??veis pelos cus tos de transporte, que dependendo da dist??ncia, praticam pre??os diferenciados ao produtor, afetando o faturamento e a margem de lucro do estabelecimento. Enfim, os estabelecimentos pesquisados apresentam caracter??sticas semelhantes, como ra??as de baixa especializa????o leiteira; escassez de m??o de obra qualificada; resist??ncia ?? utiliza????o de inova????es tecnol??gicas; baixa tend??ncia ?? forma????o de cooperativas; servi??os deficientes de inspe????o sanit??ria e controle de qualidade do leite; aus??ncia de gest??o e controle de custos, gastos e receitas, as quais convertem em gargalos e comprometem o desempenho da atividade. Destarte, conclu??-se que para mitigar ou eliminar esses fatores s??o necess??rias a implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas e estrat??gias capazes de alavancar a pecu??ria leiteira ness es munic??pios. Pol??ticas estas que necessariamente passam pela capacita????o de m??o de obra; utiliza????o de ferramentas de gest??o, incluindo o controle formal dos custos de produ????o, gastos e receitas geradas na propriedade; uso de novas tecnologias; maior envolvimento dos ??rg??os de assist??ncia t??cnica; e acesso ??s linhas de cr??dito para capital de giro e investimentos.
