Utiliza????o de res??duos vegetais para a produ????o de biossurfactantes por fungos isolados de amostras de solo da regi??o amaz??nica

• Author(s): Sanches, Michele Alves
• Date: 2016
• Origin: Oasisbr
• Subject(s): Fungos filamentosos; Res??duos vegetais; Filamentous fungi; CI??NCIAS DA SA??DE: FARM??CIA
• Document Type: Master thesis
• Language: Portuguese

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CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior

O homem tem a necessidade de misturar a ??gua com subst??ncias insol??veis em suas atividades di??rias e industriais. Os surfactantes, derivados de petr??leo, t??m sido utilizados com essa finalidade, no entanto, esses apresentam problemas quanto a sua toxicidade e biodegradabilidade. Os biossurfactantes de origem microbiana s??o uma alternativa para essa situa????o, por??m, o seu custo de produ????o ?? alto, e em parte, devido aos substratos que s??o utilizados nos bioprocessos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a utiliza????o de res??duos como substrato para produ????o de biossurfactantes por fungos filamentosos isolados de amostras de solo da regi??o Amaz??nica. Foram realizados bioprocessos com cinco isolados f??ngicos sabidamente produtores de biossurfactantes, com a finalidade de investigar qual deles produziria em menor tempo. Em seguida, foi avaliada a possibilidade de utiliza????o de res??duos (cascas de tucum??, pupunha, banana, cupua??u e tamb??m o ??leo p??s-fritura) como subtrato para o bioprocesso com o isolado selecionado. Os fatores que influenciam na produ????o do biossurfactante foram avaliados por planejamento fatorial. O fungo Fusarium oxysporum 87-2LIVI produziu altos n??veis de biossurfactantes em tr??s dias de bioprocesso. E tamb??m se destacou devido a alta produ????o de biossurfactante utilizando a casca de pupunha como substrato. O pH e extrato de levedura foram os fatores mais importantes relacionados a produ????o de biossurfactante por esse isolado. Desta forma, o presente trabalho demonstrou que isolados da esp??cie F. oxysporum, isolados de solo Amaz??nico, s??o potenciais produtores de surfactantes e que res??duos Amaz??nicos, em especial casca de pupunha, possui potencial para ser utilizado como substrato.

Human being has the need to mix water with insoluble substances in their daily and industrial activities. Surfactants derived from petroleum have been used for this purpose, however, they have problems such as their toxicity and biodegradability. Biosurfactants from microbial origin are an alternative to this, on the other hand, its production cost is high due to the substrates that are used in the bioprocesses. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of wastes as a substrate for the production of biosurfactants by filamentous fungi isolated from soil samples in Amazon region. Bioprocess were conducted with five known fungi isolates producers of biosurfactants in order to investigate which of them would produce in a shorter time. Then, we evaluated the possibility using wastes of peel from tucum??, peach palm, banana, cupuacu and also the post-fry oil as substrate for the bioprocess with the selected isolated. Factors that influence the production of biosurfactant were evaluated by factorial design. As a result, the fungus Fusarium oxysporum 87-2LIVI produced high levels of biosurfactants in three days of bioprocess. Moreover, this specie also showed highlight due to high biosurfactant production using peach palm peel as substract. The pH and yeast extract were the most important factors related to production of biosurfactant by this isolated. Thus, the present study showed isolated of F. oxysporum specie from Amazonian soil is potential producer of surfactants and also Amazon waste, particularly, peel of peach palm has the potential to be used as a bioprocess substrate for production of biosurfactant.