Rela????o entre hidrologia e assembleia de palmeiras ao longo de gradientesaAmbientais na ESEC Cuni?? (interfl??vio Purus-Madeira)

• Author(s): Pansini, Susamar
• Date: 2017
• Origin: Oasisbr
• Subject(s): Hidrologia; Interfl??vio Purus-Madeira; CI??NCIAS BIOL??GICAS
• Document Type: Doctoral thesis
• Language: Portuguese

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CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior

The relationship between environmental gradients and the set of palms trees (Arecaceae) was investigated in 48 permanent plots installed in 25 km2 of the forest in a fragment between the rivers Purus-Madeira in the Esta????o Ecologica do Cuni?? (Ecological Station Cuni?? - ESEC Cu-ni??) which is located in the North of the province of Rond??nia, Porto Velho municipality. 48 investigated plots, 30 are from the mainland and follow the curve of the ground level to mini-mize the internal variation in soils and topography and 18 plots are riparian and follow the course of streams. For the study of the relationship between the set of palm trees and environ-mental variations, data of surface soil samples were collected and granulometric analysis were made (percentages of silt, sand and clay), macro and micronutrients (pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, MN, Zn). The local hydrological conditions were measured by the distance of the nearest streams and vertical drainage gradient was measured by the depth of the water table sheet. The depth of the litter was measured every two meters along the centerline of each plot. The structure and floristic composition of the palm trees and the factors related to it was evaluated. The relation-ship between palm trees and gradient of soil, topography, elevation and depth of the local litter were studied, evaluating the most important factors for palm trees forest of canopy and subcan-opy and how small-scale variations change the response of species to environmental conditions. The community showed positive correlation with variable content of silt, phosphorus, sum of bases and distance of the stream, showing that species replacement is linked to local conditions. The study of the relationship between the palms and the hydrologic gradient was evaluated based on the monitoring of the water table, water distance and how species behave according to the variations of the local water conditions. Water is an important factor for the colonization of species of palm trees and affects them differently, based on the size of the species. Finally, it was evaluated how the palm trees set responds to the temporal variation by the analysis of mortality rates and the repopulation of the species. The main gradients related to mortality of palm trees in the area were elevation, and water distance. The repopulation was strongly influ-enced by the content of silt and the water distance.

A rela????o entre gradientes ambientais e a assembleia de palmeiras (Arecace??) foi investigada em 48 parcelas permanentes instaladas em 25 km2 de floresta em um trecho do interfl??vio Pu-rus-Madeira na Esta????o Ecol??gica do Cuni?? (ESEC Cuni??) que est?? localizada no norte do Estado de Rond??nia, munic??pio de Porto Velho. Das 48 parcelas investigadas, 30 s??o de terra-firme e seguem a curva de n??vel do terreno para minimizar a varia????o interna de solos e topo-grafia e 18 parcelas s??o rip??rias e seguem o curso dos igarap??s. Para estudo das rela????es entre a assembleia de palmeiras e as varia????es ambientais, foram coletados dados de amostras superficiais de solo e feitas an??lises granulom??tricas (porcentagens de silte, areia e argila), macro e micronutrientes (pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Al, Mn, Zn). As condi????es hidrol??gicas locais foram medidas pela dist??ncia do igarap?? mais pr??ximo e o gradiente vertical de drenagem foi medido pela profundidade do len??ol fre??tico. A profundidade de liteira foi medida a cada dois metros ao longo da linha central de cada parcela. Foi avaliada a estrutura e composi????o flor??stica de palmeiras e os fatores a ela relacionados. Estudou-se a rela????o entre palmeiras e gradiente de solo, topografia, altitude e profundidade de liteira local, avaliando os fatores mais importantes para palmeiras do dossel e subdossel da floresta e como as varia????es em pequena escala alteram a resposta das esp??cies ??s condi????es ambientais. A comunidade apresentou correla????o positiva com as vari??veis de teor de silte, f??sforo, doma de bases e dist??ncia do igarap??, mostrando que a substitui????o das esp??cies est?? ligada a condi????es locais. O estudo da rela????o entre as palmeiras e o gradiente hidrol??gico foi avaliado com base no monitoramento do len??ol fre??tico, dist??ncia da ??gua e como as esp??cies se comportam segundo as varia????es das condi????es h??dricas locais. A ??gua ?? fator importante para a coloniza????o das esp??cies de palmeiras e afeta de forma distinta, de acordo com o porte das esp??cies. Por fim, avaliou-se como a assembleia de palmeiras responde ?? varia????o temporal pela an??lise das taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento das esp??cies. Os principais gradientes ligados ??s taxas de mortalidade de palmeiras na ??rea foram Altitude e dist??ncia da ??gua. O recrutamento foi fortemente influenciado pelo teor de silte e dist??ncia da ??gua.