Parasitismo por Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Golvan, 1956) em Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818): caracteriza????o hematol??gica, bioqu??mica e histopatol??gica

• Author(s): Rocha, Maria Juliete Souza
• Date: 2017
• Origin: Oasisbr
• Subject(s): Parasitos; Metazo??rios; Acantoc??falos; Estereologia; Hematologia; Piscicultura; CI??NCIAS AGR??RIAS: RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E ENGENHARIA DE PESCA
• Document Type: Master thesis
• Language: Portuguese

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CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior

The present work evaluated the impact of parasitism on hematological and biochemical parameters in the rearing of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and tissue damage caused by Acanthocephala infection Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. To reach these objectives a total of 42 tambaqui specimens were collected in commercial fish culture. Of these, 32 fish were used to identify the metazoan parasites and characterization of the hematological and biochemical profile; While 10 specimens (5 parasitized and 5 non-parasitized) were used for the application of stereological techniques in the morphometric investigation of the changes caused by the presence of acanthocephals (N. buttnerae) in the intestine of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Of the analyzed fish, 100% were parasitized, being 100% by Monogenea helminths and acantocephalans, 59.38% by copepod crustaceans and 53.13% by branchiura. The highest mean intensity was of Acanthocephala, followed by monogenetic, copepods and branchiura. The species of helminths identified were: Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenea) and Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala). There was a significant positive correlation between fish weight and hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM), as well as between total length and MCV, HCM. For the condition factor, as well as Ht and Hb a negative correlation with Copepoda parasites was observed. There was a significant negative correlation between Acanthocephala and the parameters Ht, Hb, thrombocytes and glucose, as well as between Monogenea and glucose, indicating that the hemogram could be influenced by endogenous factors such as length and body weight of the fish, as well as by parasitism, affecting the health status of tambaquis. Regarding the evaluation of the tissue damage, using a stereological tool, the portions of the intestine were classified into 7 regions, according to how the loops are naturally loosened in the coelomic cavity. As regards the mean volume of the intestinal layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous), the increase in mucosa volume was statistically significant in regions 3, 4 and 5. In these regions, the average parasitic load was approximately 34 parasites / region. In the evaluation of the intestinal layers of tambaqui, the mucosa layer was the most affected by the presence of acanthocephala, and a significant difference could be observed between all regions analyzed in the comparison of parasitized and non-parasitized groups, while the submucosa presented significant leukocytes infiltrate in regions 2, 3 and 4 in the parasitized fish. The muscular showed leukocytes infiltrate in regions 2, 3 and 5 of the parasitized group. There was relevant muscular edema only in regions 2 and 5 of the parasitized group. It should be noted that the surface area of the mucosa was not altered in the parasitized fish, suggesting that the absorption at the villi level was not altered. Therefore, the tambaquis evaluated presented moderate infestation by metazoan parasites, capable of weakening the hosts as observed through hematological and biochemical alterations; it is further added that the intestinal mucosa layer of tambaqui was affected by the presence of N. buttnerae, and that despite the damage observed the surface area of the mucosa, the main site of nutrient absorption, was preserved.

O presente trabalho avaliou o impacto do parasitismo sobre os par??metros hematol??gicos e bioqu??micos na cria????o de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e os danos teciduais provocados pela infec????o por acantoc??falo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Para alcan??ar esses objetivos um total de 42 exemplares de tambaqui foram coletados em piscicultura comercial. Destes, 32 peixes foram utilizados para identifica????o dos parasitos metazo??rios e caracteriza????o do perfil hematol??gico e bioqu??mico; enquanto 10 exemplares (5 parasitados e 5 n??o parasitados) foram utilizados para aplica????o de t??cnicas estereol??gicas na investiga????o morfom??trica das altera????es provocadas pela presen??a de acantoc??falos (N. buttnerae) no intestino de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Dos peixes analisados, 100% estavam parasitados, sendo 100% por helmintos Monogenea e acantoc??falos, 59,38% por crust??ceos cop??podos e 53,13% por branqui??ros. A maior intensidade m??dia foi de acantoc??falos, seguida por monogen??ticos, cop??podos e branqui??ros. As esp??cies de helmintos identificadas foram: Anacanthotus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri e Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenea) e Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala). Foi observada correla????o positiva significativa entre peso dos peixes e os valores de hemat??crito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), volume corpuscular m??dio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular m??dia (HCM), bem como entre comprimento total e VCM, HCM. O fator de condi????o, Ht e Hb foram negativamente correlacionados com parasitos Copepoda. Houve correla????o negativa significativa entre Acantocephala e os par??metros Ht, Hb, tromb??citos e glicose, bem como entre Monogenea e glicose, indicando que o hemograma pode ser influenciado por fatores end??genos como o comprimento e o peso corporal dos peixes, assim como pelo parasitismo, afetando a sa??de de tambaquis. J?? com rela????o ?? avalia????o do dano tecidual, com emprego de ferramenta estereol??gica, as por????es do intestino foram classificadas em 7 regi??es, de acordo como as al??as est??o naturalmente enoveladas na cavidade celom??tica. No que se refere ao volume m??dio das camadas intestinais (mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa), o aumento no volume da mucosa foi estatisticamente significativo nas regi??es 3, 4 e 5. Nessas regi??es, a carga parasit??ria m??dia foi de aproximadamente 34 parasitos/regi??o. Na avalia????o dos danos nas camadas intestinais do tambaqui, a camada mucosa foi a mais afetada pela presen??a de acantoc??falos, podendo ser verificada diferen??a significativa entre todas as regi??es analisadas na compara????o dos grupos parasitados e n??o parasitados, enquanto a submucosa apresentou infiltra????o leucocit??ria significativa nas regi??es 2, 3 e 4 nos peixes parasitados. A muscular apresentou infiltrado leucocit??rio nas regi??es 2, 3 e 5 do grupo parasitado. Houve edema muscular relevante apenas nas regi??es 2 e 5 do grupo parasitado. Destaca-se ainda que a ??rea superficial da mucosa n??o foi alterada nos peixes parasitados, o que sugere que a absor????o no n??vel dos vilos n??o foi alterada. Portanto, os juvenis de tambaqui avaliados apresentaram infesta????o moderada por parasitos metazo??rios, capazes de debilitar os hospedeiros como observado atrav??s das altera????es hematol??gicas e bioqu??micas; acrescenta-se ainda que a camada mucosa intestinal de tambaqui foi afetada pela presen??a de N. buttnerae, e que apesar dos danos observados a ??rea superficial da mucosa, principal s??tio de absor????o de nutrientes, foi preservada.