Autor(es): Dias, Pedro Paulo
Data: 2019
Origem: Oasisbr
Assunto(s): Biocontrole de pat?genos; Testes in vitro; Testes in vivo; Produ??o de biomassa; Pathogens biocontrol; In vitro tests; Biomass production; Agronomia
Autor(es): Dias, Pedro Paulo
Data: 2019
Origem: Oasisbr
Assunto(s): Biocontrole de pat?genos; Testes in vitro; Testes in vivo; Produ??o de biomassa; Pathogens biocontrol; In vitro tests; Biomass production; Agronomia
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Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-29T12:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Pedro Paulo Dias.pdf: 1370465 bytes, checksum: 45fea6f44dcd85f70b6d3536b2bdf1f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This study aimed to select among twelve isolates of the fungus Trichoderma spp. one (s) with the ability for in vivo biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli (FOP), all soil fungi, in pepper (Capsicum sp.) cultivar "Casca Dura Ikeda?, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivar "Regina", and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar "Alessa", respectively, for occurrence of damping-off or damping-off, and vascular diseases (wilted). Furthermore, the contribution of these isolates in plant growth was evaluated. Three experiments were planned, the first to select in vitro isolate(s) of Trichoderma spp. with antagonist action, using the pairing test, the production of volatile metabolites, and production of non-volatile metabolites, measuring the growth inhibition of pathogens. A second experiment tested, under green-house conditions, the biological control of the used phytopathogens, with applications of inoculants in commercial substrate, each containing inoculums of Trichoderma spp. selected in vitro. The concentration used was of 109 conidia mL-1 suspension, and the pathogens in the inoculums densities that promoted a higher percentage of disease on the host crops. The third study aimed to evaluate the isolate(s) of Trichoderma spp. with ability to promote crop growth, through conventional inoculation in substrate and measuring the variables indicative of plant growth based on biomass production. In the laboratory experiments the pairing test indicated that most of antagonistic isolates were efficient in competition for space and nutrients, when compared to Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. The isolated T-12 stood apart, by promoting total reduction of mycelia growth of Rhizoctonia solani, besides it was responsible for declining in the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii of 54.9%, and of 44.8% in Rhizoctonia solani, through production of volatile and nonvolatile metabolites. With respect to the green-house experiments, the biological control of plant pathogens, the isolate T-03 was the most effective in controlling R. solani in lettuce "Regina." There was no antagonist effect with the isolates of Trichoderma spp. on S. rolfsii for bell pepper cultivar "Casca Dura Ikeda". The isolate T-06 reduced the percentage of "wilt" severity caused by FOP in plants of pole beans cultivar "Alessa". In the test of plant growth contribution, there was an effect of seasonality among some isolates of Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma spp. influenced the growth of lettuce cultivar compared to control. In the Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, the growth contribution of isolates was incipient and only a few isolated stood apart contributing to biomass production and in specific conditions.
O presente trabalho teve como meta selecionar entre doze isolados de fungo do g?nero Trichoderma spp. Aquele(s) com habilidade para biocontrole in vivo de Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. e Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. phaseoli Kendrick & Snyder. (FOP), todos fungos de solo, em piment?o (Capsicum sp.) cultivar ?Casca Dura Ikeda?, alface (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivar ?Regina?, e feij?o-vagem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar ?Alessa?, respectivamente, quanto ? ocorr?ncia de damping-off ou ?tombamento? de mudas, e doen?as vasculares (murchas). Al?m disso, foi avaliada a contribui??o desses isolados no crescimento de plantas. Foram realizados tr?s experimentos, o primeiro para sele??o in vitro de isolado(s) de Trichoderma spp. com a??o antagonista, usando o teste de pareamento, o teste da produ??o de metab?litos vol?teis e o teste da produ??o de metab?litos n?o-vol?teis, sendo mensurada a inibi??o do crescimento dos pat?genos. O segundo experimento testou em casa-de-vegeta??o o controle biol?gico dos fitopat?genos usados atrav?s de aplica??es, em substrato comercial, de inoculantes contendo cada um dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. selecionados in vitro. A concentra??o usada foi a de 109 con?dios.ml-1 de suspens?o, e os pat?genos nas densidades de in?culo que promoveram maior percentual da doen?a nas plantas hospedeiras. No ?ltimo estudo foram avaliados os isolado(s) de Trichoderma spp. com a??o promotora no crescimento das culturas atrav?s de inocula??o em substrato convencional, mensurando as vari?veis indicadoras de crescimento vegetal a partir da produ??o de biomassa. Nos experimentos em condi??es de laborat?rio o teste de pareamento indicou que a maioria dos isolados antagonistas foram eficientes na competi??o por espa?o e nutrientes, quando comparados a Sclerotium rolfsii e Rhizoctonia solani. Nestes se destacou o isolado T-12, que promoveu redu??o total do crescimento micelial de Rhizoctonia solani, al?m de ser respons?vel pela queda do crescimento de Sclerotium rolfsii em 54,9 % e de Rhizoctonia solani em 44,8 %, atrav?s da produ??o de metab?litos vol?teis e n?o-vol?teis. Com rela??o aos experimentos em casa-de-vegeta??o, no teste de controle biol?gico de fitopat?genos o isolado T-03 foi o mais eficaz no controle de R. solani em alface cultivar ?Regina?. N?o foi verificado efeito antagonista com os isolados de Trichoderma spp. sobre S. rolfsii em piment?o cultivar ?Casca Dura Ikeda?. O isolado T-06 reduziu o percentual de severidade de ?murcha? provocada por FOP em plantas de feij?o-vagem cultivar ?Alessa?. No teste de contribui??o do crescimento de plantas, observou-se efeito de sazonalidade entre alguns isolados de Trichoderma spp. Houve influ?ncia de isolados de Trichoderma spp. no crescimento nos est?dios de muda e de comercializa??o da cultivar de alface comparada ? testemunha. Para braqui?ria (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf ) a contribui??o dos isolados no crescimento foi incipiente com poucos isolados se destacando no aporte ? produ??o de biomassa em situa??es pontuais.