Author(s): Araujo, Patricia Correia de
Date: 2021
Origin: Oasisbr
Subject(s): merc?rio; emiss?es atmosf?ricas; garimpos de ouro; Conven??o de Minamata; Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel; mercury air emissions; artisanal and small-scale gold mining; Minamata Convention; Sustainable Development; Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
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Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-05T12:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Patricia Correia de Araujo.pdf: 1958990 bytes, checksum: 90cb953c14b09e86b135f50c4dc6b6c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-21
The consequences of elemental mercury vapors emissions into the atmosphere are one of the major environmental challenges faced today. Among the several anthropogenic sources, artisanal or small-scale mining (ASM) is responsible for the release of substantial amounts of mercury to the atmosphere, reaching in 2010, 35% of total global emissions according to the UNEP (2013). In order to find solutions to mitigate and control these emissions, two contemporary international agreements converge with each other on this issue: The Minamata Convention and Agenda 2030 for the Sustainable Development of the United Nations. The Minamata Convention is a global treaty agreed in 2013 by 128 countries including Brazil, aiming to protect human health and the environment against mercury harmful effects. One of the highlights of the agreement (Article 7) are measures to control air emissions and international regulations on the ASM informal sector, and development of best environmental practices and alternative technologies that are environmental, technical , social and economically sustainable. Meanwhile, the twelfth goal of Agenda 2030 for the Sustainable Development of the United Nations, has the general purpose: "To ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns." In addition, one of the goals to be achieved by the year 2020, according to that purpose "is to achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all waste, throughout their life cycle, according to the international frameworks agreed, and significantly reduce these emissions into the air, water and soil, in order to minimize their negative impacts on human health and the environment." It can be asserted that these two agreements generate strong pressure on the governments of countries where there is artisanal mining of gold, especially in those where the control and inspection of mines are deficient, as in Brazil. Hence, the updating (and new records) of data, enabling a better understanding of the use of mercury in mining areas and their influence on human health, become increasingly necessary. Based on the guiding principles and seeking to contribute to the results of these two agreements, the present work intends to measure the gaseous mercury levels (ng /m3) in a gold mining community in the state of Mato Grosso. And, to evaluate the risk to human health stemming from both the direct emanations of mercury and the risk associated with the percentage of mercury vapor not retained by the technologies commonly used to contain it
O impacto causado pela emiss?o de vapores de merc?rio elementar para a atmosfera ? um dos grandes desafios ambientais a serem enfrentados na atualidade. Dentre as diversas fontes antropog?nicas, a minera??o artesanal ou de pequena escala (MAPE) ? respons?vel pela libera??o de quantidades substanciais de merc?rio para atmosfera a n?veis globais. Com a finalidade de encontrar solu??es para mitiga??o e controle destas emiss?es, dois tratados internacionais contempor?neos convergem entre si nesta quest?o: A Conven??o de Minamata e a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel da Organiza??o das Na??es Unidas. A Conven??o de Minamata ? um tratado global, pactuado em 2013 por 128 pa?ses, incluindo o Brasil, com o objetivo de proteger a sa?de humana e o ambiente dos efeitos delet?rios do merc?rio. Um dos destaques deste acordo (Artigo 7) s?o medidas de controle sobre as emiss?es atmosf?ricas e a regulamenta??o internacional sobre o setor informal para a MAPE, al?m da promo??o de melhores pr?ticas ambientais e, tecnologias alternativas que sejam vi?veis do ponto de vista ambiental, t?cnico, social e econ?mico. Paralelamente, o d?cimo segundo objetivo da Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel da Organiza??o das Na??es Unidas, tem como finalidade geral: ? Assegurar padr?es de produ??o e consumo sustent?veis?. E, uma das metas a serem atingidas at? o ano de 2020, segundo este objetivo ?? alcan?ar o manejo ambientalmente saud?vel dos produtos qu?micos e todos os res?duos, ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida destes, de acordo com os marcos internacionais acordados, e reduzir significativamente a libera??o destes para o ar, ?gua e solo, para minimizar seus impactos negativos sobre a sa?de humana e o meio ambiente?. Pode-se afirmar que estes dois acordos geram uma forte press?o sobre os governos dos pa?ses onde h? minera??o artesanal de ouro, principalmente naqueles onde o controle e a fiscaliza??o dos garimpos s?o deficientes, como ? o caso do Brasil. E, neste sentido, tornam-se cada vez mais necess?rios, a atualiza??o (e novos registros) de dados, que possibilitem a melhor compreens?o do uso do merc?rio em ?reas de garimpo. Baseado nos fundamentos orientadores e buscando contribuir para os resultados destes dois acordos, o presente trabalho avaliou os teores de merc?rio gasoso (ng/m3) em regi?es garimpeiras do estado de Mato Grosso. E, avaliar o risco ? sa?de humana proveniente, tanto das emana??es diretas de merc?rio, como o risco associado ao percentual de vapor de merc?rio n?o retido pelas tecnologias comumente utilizadas para sua conten??o
