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Work at UTMB was supported by NIH grant U54 AI057156, R24 AI120942 (HG, RBT, NV) and by NIH contract HHSN272202000040I/ HHSN200004/D04 (HG, RBT, NV). MAC was supported by Programa de Doctorados Nacionales ? Colciencias? (Convocatoria 567) (MAC) PhD fellowship. The field collection in Colombia was supported in part by Colciencias C.T-695-2014 and by Colciencias grant 111549326198. This work was supported in part by CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Research and Development) grant no. 302032/2011-8 (MRTN). We also acknowledge support from the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies Center for EcoEpidemiology and from the U.S. National Park Service (Collecting Permit #EVER-2013-SCI-0032)
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inova??es Tecnol?gicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias,Ciencias. Grupo de Investigaci?n en Sistem?tica Molecular. Medell?n, Medell?n, Colombia / Universidad de Antioquia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales - PECET - SIU-Sede de Investigaci?n Universitaria. Medell?n, Colombia.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Galveston, TX, United States / University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Tropical Diseases. Galveston, TX, United States / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Vale S.A. Projeto Ferro Caraj?s. Cana? dos Caraj?s, PA, Brazil.
Yale University. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. New Haven, CT, United States.
University of Washington. School of Public Health. Seattle, WA, United States.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias,Ciencias. Grupo de Investigaci?n en Sistem?tica Molecular. Medell?n, Colombia.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias,Ciencias. Grupo de Investigaci?n en Sistem?tica Molecular. Medell?n, Medell?n, Colombia / Universidad de Antioquia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales - PECET - SIU-Sede de Investigaci?n Universitaria. Medell?n, Colombia.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias,Ciencias. Grupo de Investigaci?n en Sistem?tica Molecular. Medell?n, Medell?n, Colombia / Universidad de Antioquia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales - PECET - SIU-Sede de Investigaci?n Universitaria. Medell?n, Colombia.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Vale S.A. Projeto Ferro Caraj?s. Cana? dos Caraj?s, PA, Brazil.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inova??es Tecnol?gicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inova??es Tecnol?gicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inova??es Tecnol?gicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Galveston, TX, United States.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Galveston, TX, United States.
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
Yale School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases. New Haven, CT, United States.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Galveston, TX, United States / University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Tropical Diseases. Galveston, TX, United States / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Galveston, TX, United States / University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Tropical Diseases. Galveston, TX, United States / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.
The recently described taxon Negevirus is comprised of a diverse group of insect-specific viruses isolated from mosquitoes and phlebotomine sandflies. In this study, a comprehensive genetic characterization, molecular, epidemiological and evolutionary analyses were conducted on nearly full-length sequences of 91 new negevirus isolates obtained in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Panama, USA and Nepal. We demonstrated that these arthropod restricted viruses are clustered in two major phylogenetic groups with origins related to three plant virus genera (Cilevirus, Higrevirus and Blunevirus). Molecular analyses demonstrated that specific host correlations are not present with most negeviruses; instead, high genetic variability, wide host-range, and cross-species transmission were noted. The data presented here also revealed the existence of five novel insect-specific viruses falling into two arthropod-restrictive virus taxa, previously proposed as distinct genera, designated Nelorpivirus and Sandewavirus. Our results provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology, evolution, taxonomy and stability of this group of insect-restricted viruses.
