Author(s): Algarvio, Hugo ; Couto, António ; Lopes, Fernando ; Estanqueiro, Ana ; Faia, Ricardo ; Santos, Gabriel ; Carvalho, Rui ; Faria, Pedro ; Vale, Zita
Date: 2025
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.9/6076
Origin: Repositório do LNEG
Subject(s): Renewable energy sources; Variable renewable energy sources; Power systems; Stability; Electrification; Carbon neutrality; Flexibility markets
ABSTRACT: The goal of a carbon-neutral society by 2050 is speeding up the integration of variable renewable energy sources (vRES) in European power systems. For the expected levels of vRES, the adaptation of the demand will be crucial to manage the stochastic behaviour of these technologies. This work evaluates the impact of four prospective 2050 energy mix scenarios in the Iberian electricity market. All scenarios consider near 100% vRES shares. Scenarios that incentivize demand flexibility (S2 and S4) result in the lowest wholesale prices and costs for society. Peak load reduction using demand response occurred in the two scenarios (S1 and S3) with low demand flexibility and high share of renewable generation. S3 is the most unstable leading to the higher wholesale prices. The results highlight that an equilibrium between demand flexibility and investments in the generation side is essential for reducing costs and ensuring stability.
