Interaction between noise and cigarette smoking for the outcome of hearing loss among women: a population-based study

• Author(s): Ferrite, Silvia ; Santana, Vilma Sousa ; Marshall, Stephen W. ; Ferrite, Silvia ; Santana, Vilma Sousa ; Marshall, Stephen W.
• Date: 2014
• Origin: Oasisbr
• Subject(s): Cross-sectional studies; Noise-induced hearing loss; Occupational health; Smoking; Women
• Document Type: Journal article
• Language: English

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Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 1213–1220

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Background: We investigated the interaction between exposure to noise and smoking in relation to prevalence of hearing loss among women. Methods: A sample of women aged 20–49 years (n = 1,723) from a population-based cross-sectional study carried out in Brazil in 2006 was examined. Hearing loss was assessed using a yes–no validated question. Biological interaction was analyzed using the additive scale and measured with interaction contrast ratio (ICR) and assessment of dose–response relationship. Results: The combined effect of exposure to noise and cigarette smoking on hearing loss (adjusted prevalence ratio (PRadj) = 3.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.81, 5.52) was greater than expected based on the additive single effects of smoking (PRadj = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.81) and noise (PRadj = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.82). ICR estimates were not statistically significant. The prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed women increased with duration of smoking (P trend = 0.026), number of cigarettes smoked per day (P trend = 0.034), cumulative tobacco use (P trend = 0.030), and early age at smoking initiation (P trend = 0.047). Conclusions: Noise and smoking may have a combined effect on hearing loss but further studies are still needed. A dose–response relation of smoking for the noise effect among women is suggested.