Author(s):
Liu, Daijun ; Essl, Franz ; Lenzner, Bernd ; Moser, Dietmar ; Semenchuk, Philipp ; Blackburn, Tim M. ; Cassey, Phillip ; Biancolini, Dino ; Capinha, César ; Dawson, Wayne ; Dyer, Ellie E. ; Guénard, Benoit ; Economo, Evan P. ; Kreft, Holger ; Pergl, Jan ; Pyšek, Petr ; van Kleunen, Mark ; Rondinini, Carlo ; Seebens, Hanno ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Winter, Marten ; Purvis, Andy ; Dullinger, Stefan
Date: 2024
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/96844
Origin: Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subject(s): Biological invasion; Invasion debt; Land use; Local assemblages; Residence time
Description
The ecological impact of non-native species arises from their establishment in local assemblages. However, the rates of non-native spread in new regions and their determinants have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we combined global databases documenting the occurrence of non-native species and residence of non-native birds, mammals, and vascular plants at regional and local scales to describe how the likelihood of non-native occurrence and their proportion in local assemblages relate with their residence time and levels of human usage in different ecosystems. Our findings reveal that local non-native occurrence generally increases with residence time. Colonization is most rapid in croplands and urban areas, while it is slower and variable in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. Notably, non-native occurrence continues to rise even 200 years after introduction, especially for birds and vascular plants, and in other land-use types rather than croplands and urban areas. The impact of residence time on non-native proportions is significant only for mammals. We conclude that the continental exchange of biotas requires considerable time for effects to manifest at the local scale across taxa and land-use types. The unpredictability of future impacts, implied by the slow spread of non-native species, strengthens the call for stronger regulations on the exchange of non-native species to reduce the long-lasting invasion debt looming on ecosystems' future.
