The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

• Author(s): Olalde, Iñigo ; Mallick, Swapan ; Patterson, Nick ; Rohland, Nadin ; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa ; Silva, Marina ; Dulias, Katharina ; Edwards, Ceiridwen J. ; Gandini, Francesca ; Pala, Maria ; Soares, Pedro ; de Prado, Gabriel ; Estalrrich, Almudena ; Fernández Flores, Álvaro ; Finlayson, Clive ; Finlayson, Geraldine ; Finlayson, Stewart ; Giles-Guzmán, Francisco ; Rosas, Antonio ; Barciela González, Virginia ; García Atiénzar, Gabriel ; Llanos, Armando ; Hernández Pérez, Mauro S. ; Carrión Marco, Yolanda ; Collado Beneyto, Isabel ; López-Serrano, David ; Sanz Tormo, Mario ; Valera, António C. ; Blasco, Concepción ; Liesau, Corina ; Ríos, Patricia ; Daura, Joan ; Diez-Castillo, Agustín A. ; de Pedro Michó, María Jesús ; Flores Fernández, Raúl ; Francès Farré, Joan ; Garrido-Pena, Rafael ; Gonçalves, Victor S. ; Guerra-Doce, Elisa ; Herrero-Corral, Ana Mercedes ; Juan-Cabanilles, Joaquim ; López-Reyes, Daniel ; McClure, Sarah B. ; Oliver Foix, Arturo ; Merino Pérez, Marta ; Sanz Borràs, Montserrat ; Sousa, Ana Catarina ; Vidal Encinas, Julio Manuel ; Kennett, Douglas J. ; Richards, Martin B. ; Werner Alt, Kurt ; Haak, Wolfgang ; Pinhasi, Ron ; Lalueza-Fox, Carles ; Ferrando-Bernal, Manuel ; Reich, David ; Adamski, Nicole ; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen ; Cheronet, Olivia ; Culleton, Brendan J. ; Fernandes, Daniel ; Lawson, Ann Marie ; Mah, Matthew ; Oppenheimer, Jonas ; Stewardson, Kristin ; Zhang, Zhao ; Jiménez Arenas, Juan Manuel ; Toro Moyano, Isidro Jorge ; Salazar-García, Domingo C. ; Castanyer, Pere ; Santos, Marta ; Tremoleda, Joaquim ; Lozano, Marina ; García Borja, Pablo ; Fernández-Eraso, Javier ; Mujika-Alustiza, José Antonio ; Barroso, Cecilio ; Bermúdez, Francisco J. ; Viguera Mínguez, Enrique ; Burch, Josep ; Coromina, Neus ; Vivó, David ; Cebrià, Artur ; Fullola, Josep Maria ; García-Puchol, Oreto ; Morales, Juan Ignacio ; Oms, F. Xavier ; Majó, Tona ; Vergès, Josep Maria ; Díaz-Carvajal, Antònia ; Ollich-Castanyer, Imma ; López-Cachero, F. Javier ; Silva, Ana Maria ; Alonso-Fernández, Carmen ; Delibes de Castro, Germán ; Jiménez Echevarría, Javier ; Moreno-Márquez, Adolfo ; Pascual Berlanga, Guillermo ; Ramos-García, Pablo ; Ramos-Muñoz, José ; Vijande Vila, Eduardo ; Aguilella Arzo, Gustau ; Esparza Arroyo, Ángel ; Lillios, Katina T. ; Mack, Jennifer ; Velasco-Vázquez, Javier ; Waterman, Anna ; Benítez de Lugo Enrich, Luis ; Benito Sánchez, María ; Agustí, Bibiana ; Codina, Ferran
• Date: 2019
• Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10451/40115
• Origin: Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
• Subject(s): Africa, Northern; Agriculture; Chromosomes, Human, Y; Genomics; History, Ancient; Human migration; Humans; Portugal; Spain; Gene flow; Human genome
• Document Type: Journal article
• Language: English
• Contributor(s): Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa

Description

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.