Planck 2015 results I. Overview of products and scientific results

• Autor(es): Adam, R. ; Ade, P. A. R. ; Aghanim, N. ; Akrami, Y. ; Alves, M. I. R. ; Argueeso, F. ; Arnaud, M. ; Arroja, F. ; Ashdown, M. ; Aumont, J. ; Baccigalupi, C. ; Ballardini, M. ; Banday, A. J. ; Barreiro, R. B. ; Bartlett, J. G. ; Bartolo, N. ; Basak, S. ; Battaglia, P. ; Battaner, E. ; Battye, R. ; Benabed, K. ; Benoit, A. ; Benoit-Levy, A. ; Bernard, J. -P. ; Bersanelli, M. ; Bertincourt, B. ; Bielewicz, P. ; Bikmaev, I. ; Bock, J. J. ; Boehringer, H. ; Bonaldi, A. ; Bonavera, L. ; Bond, J. R. ; Borrill, J. ; Bouchet, F. R. ; Boulanger, F. ; Bucher, M. ; Burenin, R. ; Burigana, C. ; Butler, R. C. ; Calabrese, E. ; Cardoso, J. -F. ; Carvalho, P. ; Casaponsa, B. ; Castex, G. ; Catalano, A. ; Challinor, A. ; Chamballu, A. ; Chary, R. -R. ; Chiang, H. C. ; Chluba, J. ; Chon, G. ; Christensen, P. R. ; Church, S. ; Clemens, M. ; Clements, D. L. ; Colombi, S. ; Colombo, L. P. L. ; Combet, C. ; Comis, B. ; Contreras, D. ; Couchot, F. ; Coulais, A. ; Crill, B. P. ; Cruz, M. ; Curto, A. ; Cuttaia, F. ; Danese, L. ; Davies, R. D. ; Davis, R. J. ; Bernardis, P. de ; Rosa, A. de ; Zotti, G. de ; Delabrouille, J. ; Delouis, J. -M. ; Desert, F. -X. ; Di Valentino, E. ; Dickinson, C. ; Diego, J. M. ; Dolag, K. ; Dole, H. ; Donzelli, S. ; Dore, O. ; Douspis, M. ; Ducout, A. ; Dunkley, J. ; Dupac, X. ; Efstathiou, G. ; Eisenhardt, P. R. M. ; Elsner, F. ; Ensslin, T. A. ; Eriksen, H. K. ; Falgarone, E. ; Fantaye, Y. ; Farhang, M. ; Feeney, S. ; Fergusson, J. ; Fernandez-Cobos, R. ; Feroz, F. ; Finelli, F. ; Florido, E. ; Forni, O. ; Frailis, M. ; Fraisse, A. A. ; Franceschet, C. ; Franceschi, E. ; Frejsel, A. ; Frolov, A. ; Galeotta, S. ; Galli, S. ; Ganga, K. ; Gauthier, C. ; Genova-Santos, R. T. ; Gerbino, M. ; Ghosh, T. ; Giard, M. ; Giraud-Heraud, Y. ; Giusarma, E. ; Gjerlow, E. ; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. ; Gorski, K. M. ; Grainge, K. J. B. ; Gratton, S. ; Gregorio, A. ; Gruppuso, A. ; Gudmundsson, J. E. ; Hamann, J. ; Handley, W. ; Hansen, F. K. ; Hanson, D. ; Harrison, D. L. ; Heavens, A. ; Helou, G. ; Henrot-Versille, S. ; Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. ; Herranz, D. ; Hildebrandt, S. R. ; Hivon, E. ; Hobson, M. ; Holmes, W. A. ; Hornstrup, A. ; Hovest, W. ; Huang, Z. ; Huffenberger, K. M. ; Hurier, G. ; Ilic, S. ; Jaffe, A. H. ; Jaffe, T. R. ; Jin, T. ; Jones, W. C. ; Juvela, M. ; Karakci, A. ; Keihanen, E. ; Keskitalo, R. ; Khamitov, I. ; Kiiveri, K. ; Kim, J. ; Kisner, T. S. ; Kneissl, R. ; Knoche, J. ; Knox, L. ; Krachmalnicoff, N. ; Kunz, M. ; Kurki-Suonio, H. ; Lacasa, F. [UNESP] ; Lagache, G. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Lamarre, J. -M. ; Langer, M. ; Lasenby, A. ; Lattanzi, M. ; Lawrence, C. R. ; Le Jeune, M. ; Leahy, J. P. ; Lellouch, E. ; Leonardi, R. ; Leon-Tavares, J. ; Lesgourgues, J. ; Levrier, F. ; Lewis, A. ; Liguori, M. ; Lilje, P. B. ; Lilley, M. ; Linden-Vornle, M. ; Lindholm, V. ; Liu, H. ; Lopez-Caniego, M. ; Lubin, P. M. ; Ma, Y. -Z. ; Macias-Perez, J. F. ; Maggio, G. ; Maino, D. ; Mak, D. S. Y. ; Mandolesi, N. ; Mangilli, A. ; Marchini, A. ; Marcos-Caballero, A. ; Marinucci, D. ; Maris, M. ; Marshall, D. J. ; Martin, P. G. ; Martinelli, M. ; Martinez-Gonzalez, E. ; Masi, S. ; Matarrese, S. ; Mazzotta, P. ; McEwen, J. D. ; McGehee, P. ; Mei, S. ; Meinhold, P. R. ; Melchiorri, A. ; Melin, J. -B. ; Mendes, L. ; Mennella, A. ; Migliaccio, M. ; Mikkelsen, K. ; Millea, M. ; Mitra, S. ; Miville-Deschenes, M. -A. ; Molinari, D. ; Moneti, A. ; Montier, L. ; Moreno, R. ; Morgante, G. ; Mortlock, D. ; Moss, A. ; Mottet, S. ; Muenchmeyer, M. ; Munshi, D. ; Murphy, J. A. ; Narimani, A. ; Naselsky, P. ; Nastasi, A. ; Nati, F. ; Natoli, P. ; Negrello, M. ; Netterfield, C. B. ; Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U. ; Noviello, F. ; Novikov, D. ; Novikov, I. ; Olamaie, M. ; Oppermann, N. ; Orlando, E. ; Oxborrow, C. A. ; Paci, F. ; Pagano, L. ; Pajot, F. ; Paladini, R. ; Pandolfi, S. ; Paoletti, D. ; Partridge, B. ; Pasian, F. ; Patanchon, G. ; Pearson, T. J. ; Peel, M. ; Peiris, H. V. ; Pelkonen, V. -M. ; Perdereau, O. ; Perotto, L. ; Perrott, Y. C. ; Perrotta, F. ; Pettorino, V. ; Piacentini, F. ; Piat, M. ; Pierpaoli, E. ; Pietrobon, D. ; Plaszczynski, S. ; Pogosyan, D. ; Pointecouteau, E. ; Polenta, G. ; Popa, L. ; Pratt, G. W. ; Prezeau, G. ; Prunet, S. ; Puget, J. -L. ; Rachen, J. P. ; Racine, B. ; Reach, W. T. ; Rebolo, R. ; Reinecke, M. ; Remazeilles, M. ; Renault, C. ; Renzi, A. ; Ristorcelli, I. ; Rocha, G. ; Roman, M. ; Romelli, E. ; Rosset, C. ; Rossetti, M. ; Rotti, A. ; Roudier, G. ; d'Orfeuil, B. Rouille ; Rowan-Robinson, M. ; Rubino-Martin, J. A. ; Ruiz-Granados, B. ; Rumsey, C. ; Rusholme, B. ; Said, N. ; Salvatelli, V. ; Salvati, L. ; Sandri, M. ; Sanghera, H. S. ; Santos, D. ; Saunders, R. D. E. ; Sauve, A. ; Savelainen, M. ; Savini, G. ; Schaefer, B. M. ; Schammel, M. P. ; Scott, D. ; Seiffert, M. D. ; Serra, P. ; Shellard, E. P. S. ; Shimwell, T. W. ; Shiraishi, M. ; Smith, K. ; Souradeep, T. ; Spencer, L. D. ; Spinelli, M. ; Stanford, S. A. ; Stern, D. ; Stolyarov, V. ; Stompor, R. ; Strong, A. W. ; Sudiwala, R. ; Sunyaev, R. ; Sutter, P. ; Sutton, D. ; Suur-Uski, A. -S. ; Sygnet, J. -F. ; Tauber, J. A. ; Tavagnacco, D. ; Terenzi, L. ; Texier, D. ; Toffolatti, L. ; Tomasi, M. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Tramonte, D. ; Tristram, M. ; Troja, A. ; Trombetti, T. ; Tucci, M. ; Tuovinen, J. ; Turler, M. ; Umana, G. ; Valenziano, L. ; Valiviita, J. ; Van Tent, F. ; Vassallo, T. ; Vibert, L. ; Vidal, M. ; Viel, M. ; Vielva, P. ; Villa, F. ; Wade, L. A. ; Walter, B. ; Wandelt, B. D. ; Watson, R. ; Wehus, I. K. ; Welikala, N. ; Weller, J. ; White, M. ; White, S. D. M. ; Wilkinson, A. ; Yvon, D. ; Zacchei, A. ; Zibin, J. P. ; Zonca, A. ; Planck Collaboration
• Data: 2018
• Identificador Persistente: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/162079
• Origem: Oasisbr
• Assunto(s): cosmology: observations; cosmic background radiation; surveys; space vehicles: instruments; instrumentation: detectors
• Tipo de Documento: Artigo científico
• Idioma: Inglês

Descrição

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-10-01

CNES

CNRS/INSU-IN2P3

ASI

Danish Natural Research Council

ESA

CNES (France)

CNRS/INSU-IN2P3INP (France)

ASI (Italy)

CNR (Italy)

INAF (Italy)

NASA (USA)

DoE (USA)

STFC (UK)

UKSA (UK)

CSIC (Spain)

MINECO (Spain)

JA (Spain)

RES (Spain)

Tekes (Finland)

AoF (Finland)

CSC (Finland)

DLR (Germany)

MPG (Germany)

CSA (Canada)

DTU Space (Denmark)

SER/SSO (Switzerland)

RCN (Norway)

SFI (Ireland)

FCT/MCTES (Portugal)

ERC (EU)

PRACE (EU)

LFI

HFI

Science and Technology Facilities Council

The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which is dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013. In February 2015, ESA and the Planck Collaboration released the second set of cosmology products based on data from the entire Planck mission, including both temperature and polarization, along with a set of scientific and technical papers and a web-based explanatory supplement. This paper gives an overview of the main characteristics of the data and the data products in the release, as well as the associated cosmological and astrophysical science results and papers. The data products include maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, diffuse foregrounds in temperature and polarization, catalogues of compact Galactic and extragalactic sources (including separate catalogues of Sunyaev-Zeldovich clusters and Galactic cold clumps), and extensive simulations of signals and noise used in assessing uncertainties and the performance of the analysis methods. The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data is described, along with a CMB lensing likelihood. Scientific results include cosmological parameters derived from CMB power spectra, gravitational lensing, and cluster counts, as well as constraints on inflation, non-Gaussianity, primordial magnetic fields, dark energy, and modified gravity, and new results on low-frequency Galactic foregrounds.

Univ Paris Diderot, APC AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France

Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, POB 13000, Aalto 00076, Finland

Dept Radio Sci & Engn, POB 13000, Aalto 00076, Finland

Acad Sci Tatarstan, Bauman Str 20, Kazan 420111, Republic Of Tat, Russia

African Inst Math Sci, 6-8 Melrose Rd, Cape Town, South Africa

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy

Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France

Aix Marseille Univ, Ctr Phys Theor, 163 Ave Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France

Univ Cam bridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England

Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Westville Campus,Private Bag X54001, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa

ALMA Santiago Cent Off, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Vitacura,Casilla 763 0355, Santiago, Chile

CGEE, SCS Qd 9,Lote C,Torre C,4 Andar, BR-70308200 Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Univ Toronto, CITA, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

IRAP, CNRS, 9 Av Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

Trinity Coll Dublin, CRANN, Dublin, Ireland

CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

Univ Cambridge, Ctr Theoret Cosmol, DAMTP, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England

CEFCA, Plaza San Juan,1 Planta 2, Teruel 44001, Spain

Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA

CSIC, Madrid, Spain

CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark

Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, 24 Quai E Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Manes Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

Univ La Laguna ULL, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain

Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, Avda Calvo Sotelo S-N, Oviedo, Spain

Univ Cantabria, Dept Matemat Estadist & Computac, Avda Los Castros S-N, Santander, Spain

Univ Oviedo, Dept Matemat, Avda Calvo Sotelo S-N, Oviedo, Spain

Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada

Kazan Fed Univ, Dept Astron & Geodesy, Kremlevskaya Str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia

Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands

Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Univ Southern Calif, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letter Arts & Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA

Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bloomberg Ctr 435, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England

Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England

Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Keen Phys Bldg,77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA

Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2a, Helsinki, Finland

Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, 11322-89 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada

Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA

Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL USA

Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy

Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy

Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy

Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Ple A Moro 2, Rome, Italy

Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Via Celoria 16, Milan, Italy

Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Via A Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy

Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, Rome, Italy

Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Matemat, Via Ric Sci 1, Rome, Italy

Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark

Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark

ESO Vitacura, European Southern Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Vitacura,Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile

ESAC, European Space Agcy, Camino Bajo del Castillo S-N, Madrid, Spain

ESAC, European Space Agcy, Planck Sci Off, Camino Bajo del Castillo S-N, Madrid, Spain

ESTEC, European Space Agcy, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands

Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, Vaisalantie 20, Piikkio 21500, Finland

Observ Paris, GEPI, Sect Meudon, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France

INFN, Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Viale F Crispi 7, I-67100 Laquila, Italy

HGSFP, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Heidelberg Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Haverford Coll, Dept Astron, 370 Lancaster Ave, Haverford, PA USA

Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2, Helsinki, Finland

Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, ICTP South Amer Inst Fundamental Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil

INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Via S Sofia 78, Catania, Italy

INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, Padua, Italy

INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

INAF, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Via GB Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy

IASF Bologna, INAF, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy

IASF Milano, INAF, Via E Bassini 15, Milan, Italy

INFN, Sez Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy

INFN, Sez Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy

Univ Roma Sapienza, INFN, Sez Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy

Univ Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, Sez Roma 2, Via Ric Sci 1, Rome, Italy

Natl Inst Nucl Phys, INFN, Via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France

CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France

Univ Geneva, ISDC, Dept Astron, Ch Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

IUCAA, Post Bag 4,Ganeshkhind,Pune Univ Campus, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India

Imperial Coll London, Astrophys Grp, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England

CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

Univ Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CNRS, Inst Neel, 25 Rue Martyrs, Grenoble, France

Inst Univ France, 103 Bd St Michel, F-75005 Paris, France

Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Bat 121, F-91405 Orsay, France

Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, 98bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys & Kosmol, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

Inst Space Sci, Bucharest, Romania

Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Oslo, Norway

INAOE, Apartado Postal 51 & 216, Puebla 72000, Mexico

Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Avda Los Castros S-N, Santander, Spain

Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone RM, RM, Italy

Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy

CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Alan Turing Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

Kazan Fed Univ, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420008, Russia

Univ Paris 11, LAL, CNRS IN2P3, Orsay, France

Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, 61 Ave Observ, Paris, France

Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France

Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,IRFU Serv Astrophys CEA DSM, Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

CNRS, UMR 5141, Lab Traitement & Commun Informat, 46 Rue Barrault, F-75634 Paris 13, France

Telecom ParisTech, 46 Rue Barrault, F-75634 Paris 13, France

Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Phys Subat & Cosmol, 53 Rue Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, France

Univ Paris Sud 11, Lab Phys Theor, Batiment 210, F-91405 Orsay, France

CNRS, Batiment 210, F-91405 Orsay, France

Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA

Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Astro Space, Lebedev Phys Inst, 84-32 Prof St,GSP-7, Moscow 117997, Russia

Natl Taiwan Univ, Leung Ctr Cosmol & Particle Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany

Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany

McGill Univ, McGill Phys, Ernest Rutherford Phys Bldg,3600 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada

Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Inst Per 9, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia

Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England

Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Expt Phys, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland

Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark

Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark

Nordita Nord Inst Theoret Phys, Roslagstullsbacken 23, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

UCL, Opt Sci Lab, Gower St, London, England

Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

Shahid Beheshti Univ, Dept Phys, Tehran, Iran

SISSA, Astrophys Sect, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy

Univ E Campus, SMARTEST Res Ctr, Via Isimbardi 10, I-22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy

Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, Westville Campus,Private Bag X54001, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa

Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Queens Bldg, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England

Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC, Canada

UPMC, Sorbonne Univ, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, IKI, Profsoyuznaya Str 84-32, Moscow 117997, Russia

Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Karachai Cherkessian Rep 369167, Russia

Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Varian Phys Bldg,382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Sterrewacht Leiden, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England

Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron, Sch Phys, A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

TUBITAK Natl Observ, Akdeniz Univ Campus, TR-07058 Antalya, Turkey

Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

CERN, PH TH, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, 98bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Philosophenweg 12, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, F-75205 Paris 13, France

Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Univ Space Res Assoc, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich, Univ Observ, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, Granada, Spain

Univ Granada, Inst Carlos I Fis Teor & Computac, Granada, Spain

Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Univ Warsaw Observ, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland

Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, ICTP South Amer Inst Fundamental Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K00333X/1

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M00418X/1

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000393/1

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000768/1

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M007065/1

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000652/1

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M001172/1

Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J005673/1