Document details

Pancreatic involvement in fatal human leptospirosis: clinical and histopathological features

Author(s): Daher, Elizabeth De Francesco ; Brunetta, Denise Menezes ; Silva Júnior, Geraldo Bezerra da ; Puster, Rainardo Antonio ; Patrocínio, Régia Maria do Socorro Vidal

Date: 2003

Origin: Oasisbr

Subject(s): Pancreatitis; Leptospirosis; Acute renal failure; Hyperamylasemia


Description

Hyperamylasemia has been reported in more than 65% of patients with severe leptospirosis, and the true diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is complicated by the fact that renal failure can increase serum amylase levels. Based on these data we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and histopathological features of pancreas involvement in 13 cases of fatal human leptospirosis. The most common signs and symptoms presented at admission were fever, chills, vomiting, myalgia, dehydratation, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Trombocytopenia was evident in 11 patients. Mild increased of AST and ALT levels was seen in 9 patients. Hyperamylasemia was recorded in every patient in whom it was measured, with values above 180 IU/L (3 cases). All patients presented acute renal failure and five have been submitted to dialytic treatment. The main cause of death was acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Pancreas fragments were collected for histological study and fat necrosis was the criterion used to classify acute pancreatitis. Histological pancreatic findings were edema, mild inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, hemorrhage, congestion, fat necrosis and calcification. All the patients infected with severe form of leptospirosis who develop abdominal pain should raise the suspect of pancreatic involvement.

Hiperamilasemia tem sido documentada em mais de 65% dos pacientes com leptospirose severa, e o diagnóstico de pancreatite aguda torna-se difícil pelo fato de que a insuficiência renal pode aumentar os níveis séricos de amilase. Assim, foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, as características clínicas e histopatológicas do acometimento pancreático em 13 casos fatais de leptospirose humana. Os sinais e sintomas mais comuns foram febre, calafrios, vômitos, mialgia, desidratação, dor abdominal e diarréia. Trombocitopenia foi encontrada em 11 pacientes. Elevação dos níveis de AST e ALT foi observada em nove casos. Hiperamilasemia foi detectada em todos os pacientes em que foi dosada, com valores acima de 180 UI/L (três casos). Todos os pacientes desenvolveram insuficiência renal aguda e cinco necessitaram de tratamento dialítico. A principal causa de morte foi insuficiência respiratória devido à hemorragia pulmonar. Fragmentos do pâncreas foram obtidos para estudo histológico, e necrose gordurosa foi o critério utilizado para classificar pancreatite. Os achados histológicos foram edema pancreático, infiltrado inflamatório discreto de linfócitos, hemorragia, congestão, necrose gordurosa e calcificação. Deve-se suspeitar de acometimento pancreático em todo paciente com a forma grave de leptospirose que desenvolve dor abdominal.

Document Type Journal article
Language English
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