Author(s):
Sales, Sabrina ; Lourenço, Helena M. ; Bandarra, Narcisa M. ; Afonso, Cláudia ; Matos, Joana ; Botelho, Maria João ; Pessoa, Maria Fernanda ; Félix, Pedro M. ; Veronez, Arthur ; Cardoso, Carlos
Date: 2023
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/165594
Origin: Repositório Institucional da UNL
Subject(s): anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; aqueous extracts; bioactive content; holothurians; Food Science; Microbiology; Health(social science); Health Professions (miscellaneous); Plant Science
Description
Funding Information: Sabrina Sales acknowledges the Doctoral Grant (Ref. SFRH/BD/128813/2017) by “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia”. Funding Information: The research was funded by “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT) via national funds within the scope of the project MARE (UIDP/04292/2020), CIIMAR (UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020), and the Associate Laboratory ARNET (LA/P/0069/2020). The experimental work was funded by the projects AQUAMAX (Ref.: 16-02-01-FMP-0047) and NEWCUMBER (Ref.: MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0052) and by IPMA/PNAB-DCF (IPMA Portuguese National Programme for Biological Sampling, PNAB, integrated in the EU Data Collection Framework, DCF). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Biological activity and bioactive compound content in sea cucumbers was assessed, considering Parastichopus regalis, Holothuria mammata, Holothuria forskali, and Holothuria arguinensis as species and intestine, muscle band, respiratory tree, body wall, and gonads as tissues. P. regalis had the lowest content in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in contrast to Holothuria species. In the respiratory tree, the highest phenolic concentration was recorded in H. arguinensis, 76.4 ± 1.2 mg GAE/100 g dw vs. 21.0–49.0 mg GAE/100 g dw in the other species. H. arguinensis had the highest DPPH and FRAP results in the gonads, 13.6 ± 0.7 mg AAE/100 g dw vs. 2.6–3.5 mg AAE/100 g dw and 27.1 ± 0.3 μmol Fe2+/g dw vs. 8.0–15.9 μmol Fe2+/g dw, respectively. Overall, P. regalis biomass presented the highest anti-inflammatory activity levels and H. arguinensis the lowest anti-inflammatory levels. The respiratory tree was the most anti-inflammatory (measured by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) tissue in H. mammata and H. forskali (also the muscle band in this case), 76.3 ± 6.3% and 59.5 ± 3.6% COX-2 inhibition in 1 mg/mL aqueous extracts, respectively. The results demonstrated a variable bioactive potential and advantage in targeting antioxidant properties in the muscle band and anti-inflammatory activity in the respiratory tree, which may constitute a starting point for a biorefinery approach envisaging multiple applications.
