Autor(es): Maia, Carla
Data: 2024
Identificador Persistente: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/168742
Origem: Repositório Institucional da UNL
Assunto(s): climate change; emergence; environmental changes; epidemiology; Europe; human-made changes; Leishmania; One Health; Phlebovirus; sand fly-borne diseases; Infectious Diseases; veterinary(all); SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being; SDG 13 - Climate Action
Funding Information: The author acknowledges receipt of the 2023 Journal of Comparative Pathology keynote lecturer award at the 2023 European Society of Veterinary Pathology‒European College of Veterinary Pathologists annual congress. A summary of this review was delivered as a plenary lecture at the second joint Congress of Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVP/ECVP/ESVCP/ECVCP), which took place from the 31st August to 2nd September 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal. Funding Information: This work was in part supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (GHTM - UID/04413/2020 and LA-REAL – LA/P/0117/2020), the European Commission (grant 101057690) and UK Research and Innovation (grants 10038150 and 10039289), and is catalogued by the CLIMOS Scientific Committee as CLIMOS number 001 ( http://www.climos-project.eu ). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are vectors of human and animal pathogens, including Leishmania species protozoan parasites and viruses of the genus Phlebovirus. In Europe, visceral zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum, a deadly disease when left untreated, is endemic in southern countries, and dogs are the main reservoir hosts for human infection. Most phleboviruses cause asymptomatic infections or flu-like syndromes in humans, but Toscana phlebovirus can cause meningitis and encephalitis. These diseases are likely to re-emerge, posing a growing threat to public and animal health. Potential triggers include the movement of humans and dogs, increasing numbers of immunosuppressive conditions, climate change and other human-mediated environmental changes. An overview of the main epidemiological characteristics of the pathogens transmitted by sand flies in Europe and the potential triggers involved in their emergence and re-emergence are reviewed here. There is a need to implement mandatory notification of human and canine leishmaniases and human phleboviruses and coordinated epidemiological surveillance programmes at a European level, and to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and citizens about sand fly-borne diseases, following a One Health approach.
