Autor(es): Coutinho, Mathilda ; Pereira, Silvia ; Ruivo, Andreia ; Bottura-Scardina, Silvia ; Veiga, João Pedro ; Geraldes, Catarina ; Gil, Milene ; Shearman, Joana
Data: 2024
Identificador Persistente: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/178981
Origem: Repositório Institucional da UNL
Assunto(s): Azulejos; Ceramics; Colourants; Pigments; Colorantes; Pigmentos; Cerâmica; Conservation; Museology
Funding Information: J. Mimoso is acknowledged for interesting discussions and facilitating the study of the Decormel Catalogue. D\u00F3ria Costa is thanked for support with the h-EDXRF analysis. National Funds supported this work through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCTES)under the projects and contracts: CENIMAT/i3N FCT-UNL UID-B/50025/2020; VICARTE/ FCT-UNL UIDB/00729/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00729/2020) and UIDP/00729/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/00729/2020); HERCULES/UE UIDB/04449/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04449/2020) and UIDP/04449/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04449/2020); Laborat\u00F3rio Associado IN2PAST - LA/P/0132/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0132/2020); Laborat\u00F3rio Associado LAQV/Requimte LA/P/0008/2020; project Unveiling the Mural Painting Art of Almada Negreiros (1938-1956) (PTDC/ART-HIS/1370/2020); project Chromaz (PTDC/HAR-HIS/1899/2020) and contracts CEECIND/00349/2017 - https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECIND/00349/2017/CP1431/CT0004 (M. L. Coutinho), 2021.01998.CEECIND-https://doi.org/10.54499/2021.01998.CEECIND/CP1703/CT0001 (S. Pereira), 2020.00252.CEECIND - https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.00252.CEECIND/CP1586/CT0002 (A. Ruivo) and CEECINST/00069/2021 (M. Gil); Acknowledgements to CityUMacau Chair in Sustainable Heritage. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Associacao Profissional de Conservadores, Restauradores de Portugal. All rights reserved.
Abstract: Tijomel was considered one of the most modern ceramic manufacturers in the Iberian Peninsula in the mid-20th century. Located at Caxarias (Ourém, Portugal), this manufacturer produced diverse ceramic-based architectural materials, from common clay bricks to sophisticated modernist azulejos. Recently members of the family of the former Tijomel Manufacture owners retrieved a collection of 33 raw materials, mostly ceramic colourants. In this study, the chemical characterisation of these ceramic colourants was performed and compared with an azulejos commercial catalogue of the same manufacturer entitled Decormel Catalogue. The recovered raw materials and azulejos were investigated using a multi-analytical approach comprising h-EDXRF and μ-XRD to obtain their elemental and mineralogical composition and HSI and colourimetry to analyse their optical properties. Results provided a glimpse of the wide variety of ceramic colourants used in mid-20th century and showed that Tijomel combined the use of traditional azulejo colourants with more recent compositions. Resumo: A fábrica de cerâmica Tijomel foi considerada das mais modernas da Península Ibérica em meados do século XX. Localizada em Caxarias (Ourém, Portugal), esta fábrica produziu uma vasta gama de materiais em cerâmica, desde tijolos de barro até sofisticados azulejos modernistas. Recentemente, membros da família dos antigos proprietários da Fábrica Tijomel recuperaram um acervo de 33 matérias-primas, na sua maioria colorantes cerâmicos. Neste estudo foi realizada a caracterização destes colorantes cerâmicos e comparada com um catálogo de azulejos do mesmo fabricante, o Catálogo Decormel. Os colorantes e azulejos foram investigados usando uma abordagem multianalítica, caracterizados por h-EDXRF e μXRD, para obter a composição elementar e mineralógica e por câmara hiperespectral e colorimetria para determinar as propriedades ópticas. Este estudo permitiu vislumbrar a variedade de colorantes cerâmicos utilizados em meados do século XX e mostrou que a Tijomel combinava a utilização de colorantes utilizados na azulejaria tradicional com composições mais recentes.
