Author(s): Azevedo,Leonardo Gomes Bortoloti de ; Biancardi,Ana Luiza ; Silva,Renata Alves ; Tavares,Nycholas da Costa ; Abreu,Mirhelen Mendes de ; Bica,Blanca Elena Rios Gomes ; Moraes Jr,Haroldo Vieira de
Date: 2021
Origin: Oasisbr
Subject(s): Lupus erythematosus, systemic/epidemiology; Retinal diseases; Risk factors
ABSTRACT Lupus retinopathy is a clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in the visual system. It is generally asymptomatic; however, it can become a threatening condition. It is closely associated with the inflammatory activity and higher mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus retinopathy has several different clinical presentations, such as lupus microangiopathy, vascular occlusion, vasculitis, hypertensive retinopathy associated with lupus nephritis, and autoimmune retinopathy. Although the prevalence and associated factors of lupus retinopathy have been well defined in some parts of the world, there are no data from Latin America, including Brazil. As lupus retinopathy is generally asymptomatic, without a routine fundoscopy, it has been probably underestimated. This review is intended to discuss the epidemiology and risk factors of lupus retinopathy.
