Author(s): Silva, Alexandra Margarida Machado Ferreira da ; Guadalupe, S?nia (Orientadora)
Date: 2016
Origin: Repositório Aberto do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga
Subject(s): Defici?ncia grave e profunda - Severe disability; Sobrecarga - Burden; Impacte/o familiar - Family impact; Redes sociais pessoais - Personal networks; Suporte social - Social support; Fam?lia - Family
Objetivo: A defici?ncia grave pode originar um importante impacte na fam?lia, em diferentes n?veis. ? objetivo do presente estudo caracterizar e analisar a intera??o entre a sobrecarga na presta??o de cuidados, o impacte familiar, a sa?de mental e a rede de suporte social informal em familiares de adultos com defici?ncia grave e profunda. Participantes: A amostra integra 49 familiares de pessoas com defici?ncia grave e profunda de um total de 26 agregados familiares. Os participantes s?o maioritariamente mulheres (n= 32, 64 %), sobretudo m?es (n = 29; 46,9%), seguidas de pais (n = 12; 24,5%) e irm?/os (n = 11; 22,4%), com uma idade m?dia de 47,3 anos (?15,8, variando entre 11 e 78). Material e M?todos: Foi usado um question?rio para carateriza??o sociodemogr?fica, o Instrumento de An?lise da Rede Social Pessoal (IASRP, Guadalupe, 2009, o Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5, Ribeiro, 2001), A Impact on Family Scale (Fonseca, Nazar? e Canavarro, 2008) e o Question?rio de avalia??o, sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais (QASCI, Martins, Ribeiro e Garrett, 2003). Resultados: A rede social pessoal dos participantes tem uma dimens?o m?dia de 5 elementos, compostas sobretudo por rela??es familiares, ? coesas e caracteriza-se pela reciprocidade no apoio. A maior parte dos inquiridos (59,2%) apresenta bem-estar psicol?gico, mas uma propor??o significativa (40,8%) apresenta sofrimento psicol?gico. Constatou-se uma correla??o moderada e negativa entre a sobrecarga e a sa?de mental (r = 0,558; p < 0,001) e verificou-se uma correla??o forte e positiva entre a sobrecarga e o impacto familiar (r = 0,754; p < 0,01). Entre as caracter?sticas da rede e as dimens?es de sobrecarga regist?mos correla??es que indicam que quanto maior o tamanho, a satisfa??o com a rede, a durabilidade das rela??es, o n?vel de companhia social e a frequ?ncia de contactos, menor a sobrecarga (p < 0,05). Conclus?es: O impacte de uma grande depend?ncia nos familiares pr?ximos apresenta riscos e moderadores relevantes, nomeadamente caracter?sticas salutares da rede de provis?o informal. Medidas de interven??o social e de pol?tica social tendentes ? diminui??o deste impacte poder?o contribuir para a melhoria da sa?de mental e bem-estar desta popula??o. / Objective: Severe disability can cause a profound impact in a family, at several levels. The current study aims to characterize and analyse the interaction between the caregiving burden, family impact, mental health and informal social support networks of relatives of adults with severe disability. Participants: The study sample consists of 49 relatives of adults with severe disability, of a total of 26 households. Participants are mostly female (n= 32.64 %), with a mean age of 47,3 years (?15.8, range 11 to 78), in particular mothers (n = 29; 46.9%), followed by fathers (n = 12; 24,5%) and siblings (n = 11; 22.4%). Matherial and Methods: A questionnaire for socio-demographic characterization, an instrument for analysis of social support networks (Instrumento de An?lise da Rede Social Pessoal - IASRP, Guadalupe, 2009), the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5, Pais Ribeiro, 2001), the Impact on Family Scale (Fonseca, Nazar?, Canavarro, 2008) and the questionnaire for assessment of burden of informal caregivers (QASCI). Results: The social support network of the participants is composed by a mean number of 5 members, mostly relatives, is cohesiv and has reciprocity. Most of the participants present psychological well-being (59.2%), but a significant proportion (40.8%) report some degree of psychological suffering. There was a moderate and negative correlation between burden and mental health (r = 0.558; p < 0.001) and a strong and positive correlation between burden and family impact (r = 0.754; p < 0.01). Among the features of the social support network, there was association of network size, satisfaction, relationship durability, level of social company and frequency of contacts, with decreased burden (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The impact of a major dependency in close relatives present relevant risks and buffering factors, namely the healthy characteristics of the informal social support network. Social internvention and social policy measures aiming at decreasing this impact could contribute to an improvement in mental health and well-being of this population.
