Introduction and objectives: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides relevant data in several clinical contexts. Although reports highlight its application across various moments of the cardiovascular continuum, from heart failure (HF) to the assessment of athletes, its implementation has been described as suboptimal. This study aimed to assess perspectives on CPET training and usage patterns among car...
Background Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a common risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, potentially more atherogenic per particle than low-density lipoprotein. An estimated 1.5 billion individuals globally have elevated levels ≥125 nmol/L, considered as a risk-enhancing threshold. Although Lp(a) levels vary by ethnicity, ongoing trials of novel therapies in predominantly secondary prevention patie...
Background and aims: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is independently associated with risk of atherosclerotic events, even when LDL-cholesterol levels appear controlled. This INTERASPIRE study determined the frequency of HTG and residual combined dyslipidemia and their related factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) from 13 countries across six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Methods: Particip...
The present study by Lima et al. “Validation of an Aerobic Fitness Questionnaire to estimate VO2 peak in a cohort of adult cardiac patients – Is it enough?”, intends to validate the CLINIMEX Aerobic Fitness Questionnaire (C-AFQ),3 comprising a list of activities, in a Portuguese population sample of 124 CV patients (93% male, mean age 61 years old, 61% with heart failure), who were referred for CPET and cardiac...
The Medicina ULisboa-Torres Vedras Campus is an innovative, multidisciplinary academic healthcare model that integrates clinical care, academic training, research, and innovation. Committed to shaping the future of healthcare, the Campus focuses on developing new approaches supported by interdisciplinary care and advanced technologies to tackle both current and emerging challenges. Situated in Torres Vedras—a r...
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of two exercise-based programs over a short-term 6-week period, compared to a control group (no exercise program), on the quality of life (QoL) and mental health of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 72 patients with MI were individually randomized (1:1:1) into three groups: HIIT, MICT, and control. Bo...
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the major cause of premature death and disability; effective cardiovascular (CV) risk prevention is fundamental. The World Heart Federation (WHF) Cholesterol Roadmap provides a framework for national policy development and aims to achieve ASCVD prevention. At the invitation of the WHF, a group of experts from the Portuguese Society of Cardiology (SPC), addr...
Background and aims: INTERASPIRE is an international study of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, designed to measure if guideline standards for secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation are being achieved in a timely manner. Methods: Between 2020 and 2023, adults hospitalized in the preceding 6-24 months with incident or recurrent CHD were sampled in 14 countries from all 6 World Health Organization r...
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a noninvasive and integrated assessment of the response of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems to exercise. This information improves the diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of several clinical conditions. Additionally, CPET is the gold standard test for cardiorespiratory fitness quantification and exercise prescrip...
The European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) of the ESC is a multidisciplinary network of healthcare professionals with an interest in all aspects of cardiovascular disease prevention. Its mission is to promote excellence in research, clinical practice, education, and policy in cardiovascular health, including population science, primary care, secondary prevention and rehabilitation, and sports card...