A recent roadmap for the integration of environmental microbiotas in risk assessments under the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) remit has been published. Healthy honeybee gut microbiota has emerged as a promising avenue to protect bees against stressors. Honeybees exhibit a consistent core microbiota, and dysbiosis, as part of a multiple stressor system, may be an indicator of adverse scenarios. We theref...
The Azores archipelago consists of nine islands with endemic bee populations belonging to the African lineage, although there is also genetic evidence of the introduction of European bees. These introductions have in all likelihood introduced pathogens like Varroa destructor (V) and Nosema ceranae (N). However, the restricted movement of bee colonies between islands has limited their spread throughout the archi...
In nature, honeybee workers acquire their stable gut microbial community by the 7th day post-emergence, with older bees transmitting microorganisms to younger bees in the comb, thereby establishing natural microbial diversity. In contrast, younger caged bees sampled for laboratory trials (OECD Guideline No. 245) are in contact with older bees for only a few hours. Newly emerged bees harbor minimal to no bacteri...
Trypanosomatids form a group of high prevalence protozoa that parasitise honey bees, with Lotmaria passim as the predominant species worldwide. However, the knowledge about the ecology of trypanosomatids in isolated areas is limited. The Portuguese archipelagos of Madeira and Azores provide an interesting setting to investigate these parasites because of their geographic isolation, and because they harbour hone...
Trypanosomatids form a group of high prevalence protozoa that parasitise honey bees, with Lotmaria passim as the predominant species worldwide. However, the knowledge about the ecology of trypanosomatids in isolated areas is limited. The Portuguese archipelagos of Madeira and Azores provide an interesting setting to investigate these parasites because of their geographic isolation, and because they harbour hone...