How geopolitical risk affects stock markets in low and lower-middle-income countries remains an area often overlooked. This study analyzes daily data from 2014 to 2025 for 16 stock markets and two geopolitical risk subindices, acts and threats. The transfer entropy is applied in a dynamic framework to measure asymmetric and time-varying information flows. The findings reveal a heterogeneous influence of acts an...
The relationship between oil prices and the airline industry is economically important yet empirically complex, presenting significant challenges, with prior research yielding conflicting evidence on the nature, strength, and direction of their interaction. This study contributes to the literature moving beyond traditional linear assumptions, applying Shannon and R´enyi transfer entropy to evaluate the nonlinea...
A qualidade do serviço é essencial para a sustentabilidade organizacional e como tal, tem despertado um grande interesse nos últimos anos, quer no meio académico, com o desenvolvimento de novas teorias e modelos de avaliação e melhoria, como nas práticas de gestão empresarial, com a implementação de estratégias e ferramentas focadas na satisfação do cliente e na otimização de processos. Este estudo pretende ana...
Abstract How geopolitical risk affects stock markets in low and lower-middle-income countries remains an area often overlooked. This study analyzes daily data from 2014 to 2025 for 16 stock markets and two geopolitical risk subindices, acts and threats. The transfer entropy is applied in a dynamic framework to measure asymmetric and time-varying information flows. The findings reveal a heterogeneous influence o...
The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is a cornerstone of financial theory and is crucial to understanding weak-form efficiency, particularly during extreme events. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is a robust approach for assessing weak-form efficiency, overcoming some limitations of traditional methods. Given the fundamental role of the banking sector in the economy and its importance during crises, evalu...
The relationship between oil prices and the airline industry is economically important yet empirically complex, presenting significant challenges, with prior research yielding conflicting evidence on the nature, strength, and direction of their interaction. This study contributes to the literature moving beyond traditional linear assumptions, applying Shannon and Rényi transfer entropy to evaluate the nonlinear...
This study focuses mainly on the role of employees in insurance companies in Portugal, analysing the importance of valuing them and their commitment to their work. Considering the above, this research aims to examine which aspects lead to greater commitment on the part of employees and what makes them feel valued within the organisations where they work. A quantitative methodology was used to fulfil this object...
This study focuses mainly on the role of employees in insurance companies in Portugal, analysing the importance of valuing them and their commitment to their work. Considering the above, this research aims to examine which aspects lead to greater commitment on the part of employees and what makes them feel valued within the organisations where they work. A quantitative methodology was used to fulfil this object...