Tuberculosis (TB), caused by mycobacterial species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is a serious global health issue. Brazil is among the 22 countries with the highest number of TB cases, and the state of Amazonas has the highest incidence of TB cases in the country. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors of the innate immunity and play a key role in orchestrating an ef...
Immunogenetic host factors are associated with susceptibility or protection to tuberculosis (TB). Strong associations of HLA class II genes with TB are reported. We analyzed the HLA-DRB1∗04 alleles to identify subtypes associated with pulmonary TB and their interaction with risk factors such as alcohol, smoking, and gender in 316 pulmonary TB patients and 306 healthy individuals from the Brazilian Amazon. The H...