Prevalence of congenital heart diseases worldwide is around 9 per 1000 newborns, 20% of which affect the pulmonary valve or right ventricular outflow tract. As survival after surgical repair of these defects has improved over time, there is the need to address the long-term issues of older children and young adults with repaired congenital heart dis-eases. In recent decades, the most used types of valves are th...