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Immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) in the house mouse and the parasite Toxoplasma ...

Alvarez, Catalina

"The Immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) are IFNγ-inducible genes essential for resistance against intracellular pathogens in the house mouse. In some wild-derived house mice, such as the Eurasian mice CIM strain, polymorphic IRG genes have been linked to the control of virulent strains of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) arrived in the Americas on the first Eu...


Methods for the Measurement of Early Events in Toxoplasma gondii Immunity in Mo...

Alvarez, Catalina; Campos, Ana Claudia; Howard, Jonathan C; Loureiro, Joana; Müller, Urs Benedikt; Rodrigues, Ana Lina

Critical steps in resistance of mice against Toxoplasma gondii occur in the first 2 or 3 h after the pathogen has entered a cell that has been exposed to interferon γ (IFNγ). The newly formed parasitophorous vacuole is attacked by the IFNγ-inducible IRG proteins and disrupted, resulting in death of the parasite and necrotic death of the cell. Here we describe some techniques that we have used to describe and qu...


Molecular mechanism for the control of virulent Toxoplasma gondii infections in...

Murillo-León, Mateo; Müller, Urs B; Zimmermann, Ines; Singh, Shishir; Widdershooven, Pia; Campos, Cláudia; Alvarez, Catalina; Könen-Waisman, Stephanie

Some strains of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (such as RH) are virulent in laboratory mice because they are not restricted by the Immunity-Related GTPase (IRG) resistance system in these mouse strains. In some wild-derived Eurasian mice (such as CIM) on the other hand, polymorphic IRG proteins inhibit the replication of such virulent T. gondii strains. Here we show that this resistance is due to dire...


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