Background: Chronic kidney disease is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure (HF), associated with increased mortality. The impact of temporal evolution of kidney function in HF prognosis is largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of renal function over time in all-cause mortality among ambulatory patients with HF. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 560 patients with HF with left ventricular systo...
Background: The identification of patients at risk for worse outcome is still a challenge. We hypothesized that cystatin C, a marker of renal function, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a marker of acute renal injury, would have a role in the prognostic stratification of these patients. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 121 patients admitted for acute HF. Serum NGAL and cystatin C levels ...
Objective: The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) requires a compatible clinical syndrome and demonstration of cardiac dysfunction by imaging or functional tests. Since individual symptoms and signs are generally unreliable and have limited value for diagnosing HF, the authors aimed to identify patterns of symptoms and signs, based on findings routinely collected in current clinical practice, and to evaluate their...
Background: Previous studies showed an inter-observer agreement for the NYHA classification of approximately 55%. The aim of this study was to calibrate the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system between observers, increasing its reliability. Results: Among 1136 community-dwellers in Porto, Portugal, aged 45 years, 265 reporting breathlessness answered a 4-item questionnaire to characterize sym...