Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a nonthermal processing technology that consists of exposing food to pulses of high-voltage electric fields during a short period of time. PEF has been explored as an alternative processing technology to inactivate microorganisms and enzymes without adversely affecting the color, flavor, and nutritional value. Moreover, this technology minimizes the impact on enzymes of technologi...
A gluten- and lactose-free cereal bar with no-added sugar, suitable for lactose intolerants and for celiac people was developed. The cereal bar was formulated with extruded rice, oat flakes, flaxseeds, sesame, sunflower lecithin, hydrocolloids, maltodextrin, mannitol, maltitol syrup, and sodium chloride. The effect of three different hydrocolloids (locust bean gum, pectin, and carboxymethyl cellulose), and proc...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of fungi, such as Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillium spp., which has been found to have a wide number of potentially deadly toxic effects, and can enter the human organism through a variety of means. It then finds its way into the bloodstream and, after a lengthy process, is eventually excreted through the urine. It can thus be detected in its origina...
The nearly ubiquitous consumption of cereals all over the world renders them an important position in international nutrition, but concurrently allocates exposure to possible contained contaminants. Mycotoxins are natural food contaminants, difficult to predict, evade, and reduce, so it is important to establish the real contribution of each contaminated food product, with the aim to evaluate mycotoxin exposure...
The oil of several hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) samples was extracted and evaluated for their triacylglycerol (TAG) composition. Trials were conducted in two Portuguese localities (Vila Real and Felgueiras) during three consecutive years and involved a total of 19 cultivars. The samples were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. Sample ...
The effect of roasting on some nutritional characteristics of hazelnut lipidic fraction was investigated. Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) were submitted to several different thermal treatments, comprising different temperatures (125-200 °C) and times of exposure (5, 15, and 30 min) and analyzed for their moisture and crude fat. Raw and roasted hazelnuts were also analyzed for their compositions in phytosterols ...
The tocopherol and tocotrienol composition of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) was determined for nine cultivars (cvs. Arco, Franquette, Hartley, Lara, Marbot, Mayette, Mellanaise, Parisienne, and Rego). Walnuts were harvested over three consecutive years from two different geographical origins (Bragancüa and Coimbra, Portugal), for a total of 26 samples. The methodology employed was a normal-phase high-performance l...
The sterol compositions (GLC/FID/capillary column) of monovarietal olive oils (51 samples) from the most important cultivars of northeastern Portugal (Cvs. Cobranc¸osa, Madural and Verdeal Transmontana) and 27 commercial samples of olive oils with protected denomination of origin (PDO) from the same region and cultivars were evaluated. Δ-sitosterol, Δ5-avenasterol and campesterol were the most representative st...
A total of 26 walnut ( Juglans regia L.) samples from 9 cultivars (Arco, Franquette, Hartley, Lara, Marbot, Mayette, Mellanaise, Parisienne, and Rego) harvested in the 2001, 2002, and 2003 crop years and grown in two geographical origins (Bragancüa and Coimbra, Portugal) were evaluated with regard to their triacylglycerol composition. The methodology employed was reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatogr...
Olives (Olea europaea L.) from cultivars Cobrançosa, Madural and Verdeal Transmontana were collected separately and divided into two different groups according to the presence or absence of infestation by the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Gmel.). These two groups were then mixed in varying percentages to create five groups of olives per cultivar with infestation levels: 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100%. Each group ...