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Comparative Performance of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-9 Data for Raw Materials' Exp...

Morgana Carvalho; Joana Cardoso-Fernandes; Francisco Javier González; Ana Teodoro

The demand for Critical Raw Materials (CRM) is increasing due to the need to decarbonize economies and transition to a sustainable low-carbon future achieving climate goals. To address this, the European Union is investing in the discovery of new mineral deposits within its territory. The S34I project (Secure and Sustainable Supply of Raw Materials for EU Industry) is developing Earth observation (EO) methods t...


S34I Project: Secure and Sustainable Supply of Raw Materials for EU Industry

Ana Teodoro; Cardoso Fernandes, J; Gheorghe, M; Falabella, F; Calò, F; Pepe, A; Hanelli, D; Knobloch, A; La Rosa, R; Farahnakian, F; Georgalas, GP

The Secure and Sustainable Supply of Raw Materials for EU Industry - S34I project is researching and innovating new data-driven methods to analyze Earth Observation (EO) data, supporting systematic mineral exploration and continuous monitoring of extraction, closure, and post-closure activities to increase European autonomy regarding raw materials (RM) resources, and to use EO not only for the management of tec...


Assessing the Potential of PlanetScope Imagery for Iron Oxide Detection in Anti...

Santos, D; Cardoso-Fernandes, J; Lima, A; Ana Teodoro

The increasing demand for critical raw materials, such as antimony-a semimetal with strategic relevance in fire-retardant applications, electronic components, and national security-has made the identification of European sources essential for the European Union's strategic autonomy. Remote sensing offers a valuable tool for detecting alteration minerals associated with subsurface gold and antimony deposits that...


Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to Antimony Quantification via Reflectanc...

Carvalho, M; Cardoso-Fernandes, J; Lima, A; Ana Teodoro

<jats:p>Antimony (Sb) has gained significance as a critical raw material (CRM) within the European Union (EU) due to its strategic importance in various industrial sectors, particularly in the textile industry for flame retardants and as a component of Sb-based semiconductor materials. Moreover, Sb is emerging as a potential alternative for anodes used in lithium-ion batteries, a key element in the Energy trans...


Optimizing Exploration: Synergistic approaches to minimize false positives in p...

Santos, D; Azzalini, A; Mendes, A; Cardoso-Fernandes, J; Lima, A; Müller, A; Ana Teodoro

Pegmatites represent a critical source of raw materials for the European Union's future, emphasizing the need to explore new deposits. Remote sensing plays a pivotal role in early-stage pegmatite exploration, generating prospectivity maps to facilitate field validation. The higher the false positive rate, the higher the time and costs required for field campaigns. This study aims to devise an approach that mini...


Automated Lineament Extraction applied to high-resolution imagery Worldview-3 a...

Santos, D; Mendes, A; Azzalini, A; Cardoso Fernandes, J; Lima, A; Ana Teodoro

Lineament extraction is a commonly used technique in mineral exploration to identify geological structures such as fault scarps, joints, and folds. However, the accuracy of this technique can be limited by factors such as the low spatial resolution of the data. This study aims to address these limitations by exploring the potential of high spatial resolution data for extracting linear structures in Tysfjord, no...


The INOVMineral Project's Contribution to Mineral Exploration-A WebGIS Integrat...

Cardoso Fernandes, J; Santos, D; de Almeida, CR; Vasques, JT; Mendes, A; Ribeiro, R; Azzalini, A; Lia Duarte; Moura, R; Alexandre Lima; Ana Teodoro

Due to the current energetic transition, new geological exploration technologies are needed to discover mineral deposits containing critical materials such as lithium (Li). The vast majority of European Li deposits are related to Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) pegmatites. A review of the literature indicates that conventional exploration campaigns are dominated by geochemical surveys and related exploration tools. However, oth...


Sentinel data for critical raw materials (CRM) exploration: First results of th...

Cardoso Fernandes, J; Carvalho, M; Azzalini, A; Rodrigues, G; Monteiro, G; Alexandre Lima; Ana Teodoro

To achieve sustainable development goals, it is crucial to ensure the best practices through the whole mining cycle of critical raw materials (CRM) used in high-Tech, low-carbon goods (batteries, wind turbines, electronics). This is the aim of the SECURE AND SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS FOR EU INDUSTRY (S34I) Horizon Europe (HE) project that began on January 1st, 2023. S34I is investigating new data-driv...


Mapping NYF pegmatite outcrops through high-resolution Worldview-3 imagery

Santos, D; Mendes, A; Azzalini, A; Cardoso Fernandes, J; Lima, A; Ana Teodoro

Several studies on remote sensing and mineral exploration have been developed or improved in the last decade. However, the low spatial resolution of satellites is a recurring problem in many cases where the mineral or rock is much smaller than the pixel size of the satellite images. This phenomenon, called sub-pixel occurrence, generates an extremely mixed pixel that difficult the performance of conventional cl...


SPECTRAL UNMIXING AND THE POTENTIAL OF WORLDVIEW-3 SATELLITE DATA FOR PEGMATITE...

Santos, D; Mendes, A; Azzalini, A; Cardoso-Fernandes, J; Alexandre Lima; Ana Teodoro

Remote Sensing has been successfully applied in the identification of pegmatitic targets. However, the spatial resolution of open data satellites, which is often much larger than the outcrop size of the target mineral or rock, has been a recurrent challenge in this scientific field. This restricts remote sensing methods that are dependent on large outcrop sizes for successful identification. This work applied s...


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