Dominance hierarchies are formed within groups of fish in response to social competition for limited resources such as food, mates and space. In a dominance hierarchy, a fish displays dominant behaviours toward individuals lower in rank and submissive behaviours toward those higher in rank. Dominant fish exhibit agonistic behaviours, such as chasing and biting while defending a nest, and sexual behaviours, such...
In reproduction of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), chemical communication mainly relies on urinary steroidal glucuronides (sex pheromones) that dominant males release to prime the final ovulation in pre-ovulatory females and increase reproductive readiness. However, the role of steroids in chemical communication in females has received less attention. Here, we aimed to determine whether 17 beta-es...