21 documents found, page 1 of 3

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Athletes’ origin trends in participation and performance of master runners in t...

Duric, Sasa; Villiger, Elias; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Chlíbková, Daniela; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo

It is well known that the fastest elite marathon runners come from East African countries such as Ethiopia and Kenya. However, to date, there is no information available on the origin of the fastest age group (master) marathoners. This study aimed to determine the countries of origin of the fastest age group marathoners who have participated in the 'New York City Marathon' over the past several decades. Race da...

Date: 2026   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Pacing of the first and only female finisher in the world's longest triathlon: ...

Duric, Sasa; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Cuk, Ivan; Weiss, Katja; Rosemann, Thomas

Pacing in triathlon has been analyzed for distances up to 60 long-distance triathlons in 60 days in men. However, no study has examined pacing in a female ultra-endurance triathlete in a multi-day triathlon exceeding 10 days. Thus, this case study analyzes the pacing of the first and only woman to complete 30 long-distance triathlons in 30 days. Methods: Lap times for swimming, cycling, and running, including t...

Date: 2026   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

The Norseman Xtreme Triathlon: A narrative review of current scientific evidenc...

Knechtle, Beat; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Chlibkova, Daniela; Weiss, Katja

The 'Norseman Xtreme Triathlon', held annually in Norway, is considered one of the world's most challenging triathlons, surpassing the traditional IRONMAN (R)-distance in terms of difficulty. This narrative review aims to summarize the current scientific evidence to support athletes and coaches in preparation for this event.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review to summarize the current scientific literature on...

Date: 2026   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Modeling Performance in IRONMAN® 70.3 Age Group Triathletes

Thuany, Mabliny; Valero, David; Villiger, Elias; Forte, Pedro; Weiss, Katja; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Cuk, Ivan

Individual factors related to performance in age group triathletes competing in different race distances have been explored in scientific literature. However, only a few studies have been conducted using machine learning (ML) predictive models to explore the importance of those individual factors. This study intended to build and analyze machine learning regression models that predict the performance of IRONMAN...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Sex-based performance analysis in Olympic triathlon: swimming, cycling, and run...

Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Coelho, Bruno de Cássio; Forte, Pedro; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Duric, Sasa; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Cuk, Ivan

This study aimed to analyze sex differences in performance across the disciplines of the Olympic triathlon at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. Performance times in swimming, cycling, running and transitions (T1 and T2) were compared between male (n = 50) and female (n = 51) athletes. Data were extracted from the official Olympic website and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test with effect size (Cohen's d). Quant...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Cycling and Running are More Predictive of Overall Race Finish Time than Swimmi...

Knechtle, Beat; Valero, David; Villiger, Elias; Thuany, Mabliny; Cuk, Ivan; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo

Several studies have evaluated the most predictive discipline (swimming, cycling, and running) of performance in elite IRONMAN<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> triathletes. However, no study has ever determined the most decisive discipline for IRONMAN<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> age group triathletes. The present study analyzed the importance of the three disciplines on the overall race times in IRONMAN<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> ag...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Sex differences in performance and pacing in the greatest Quintuple Iron ultra-...

Knechtle, Beat; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Duric, Sasa; Cuk, Ivan; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Scheer, Volker; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Weiss, Katja

Pacing in ultra-triathlon has been investigated by analyzing lap times from Double to Deca Iron ultra-triathlon for World Cup races but not for a World Championship. The present study aimed to investigate pacing in ultra-triathletes competing in the fastest and largest World Championship in Quintuple Iron ultra-triathlon ever held in history. A total of 11 female and 24 male finishers who completed the 2024 Qui...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Freestyle master’s swimming: Nationality, sex, and performance trends in World ...

Ahmad, Wais; Wilhelm, Matthias; Moreitz, Sascha; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Forte, Pedro; Stanula, Arkadiusz; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Cuk, Ivan

In sports science, freestyle swimming has been thoroughly studied for particular performance-related factors. Nonetheless, it is unknown what countries the top freestyle swimmers are from, especially not for age group swimmers. In addition, the existing research on the performance of master freestyle swimmers has yet to confirm that male swimmers achieve faster times than their female counterparts across all ag...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Sex-specific differences in performance and pacing in the world’s longest triat...

Knechtle, Beat; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Scheer, Volker; Duric, Sasa; Cuk, Ivan

Sex differences in performance and pacing in triathlon have been studied for IRONMAN triathlons (3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling and 42.195 km of running) and ultra-triathlons (i.e. Double-, Triple-, Quintuple- and Deca Iron ultra-triathlons) corresponding to 2x, 3x, 5x and 10x the IRONMAN triathlon distance. However, no study has to date investigated the sex difference in performance and pacing in the longest ...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Women in the triathlon—the differences between female and male triathletes: a n...

Loosli, Michèle; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Scheer, Volker; Wilhelm, Matthias; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Rosemann, Thomas; Duric, Sasa

Triathlon events have gained popularity in recent years. With the increasing participation of women, aspects that influence performance and physiology, as well as differences between women and men, are of interest to athletes and coaches. A review of the existing literature concerning differences between women and men in triathlon is lacking. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to compare female and male tri...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

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