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Structural adhesives modified with thermally expandable particles

Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas da; Carbas, Ricardo J.C.; Campilho, Raul

In this study, the behaviour of two structural adhesives modified with thermally expandable particles (TEPs) was investigated as a preliminary study for further investigations on the potential of TEPs in adhesive joints. Tensile bulk tests were performed to get the tensile properties of the adhesives and TEPs-modified adhesives. In order to determine the expansion temperature of the particles while encapsulated...


A Study on Microstructure Characteristics of TEPs-modified Adhesives

Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, L. F. M. da; Campilho, Raul

Thermally expandable particles (TEPs) were developed by Dow Chemical Co in the early 1970´s [1] and were further developed by others [2, 3]. They are particles made up of a thermoplastic shell filled with liquid hydrocarbon. On heating them, two transformations will occur. One is the softening of shell material and the other is the gasification of the hydrocarbon liquid inside it. As a consequence, the shell wi...


Adhesive thickness effects of a ductile adhesive by optical measurement techniques

Campilho, Raul; Moura, D.C.; Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, L.F.M. da

Adhesive bonding is an excellent alternative to traditional joining techniques such as welding, mechanical fastening or riveting. However, there are many factors that have to be accounted for during joint design to accurately predict the joint strength. One of these is the adhesive layer thickness (tA). Most of the results are for epoxy structural adhesives, tailored to perform best with small values of tA, and...


The effect of adhesive thickness on the mechanical behavior of a structural pol...

Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas da; Campilho, Raul

One parameter that influences the adhesively bonded joints performance is the adhesive layer thickness. Hence, its effect has to be investigated experimentally and should be taken into consideration in the design of adhesive joints. Most of the results from literature are for typical structural epoxy adhesives which are generally formulated to perform in thin sections. However, polyurethane adhesives are design...


Adhesive selection for single lap bonded joints: Experimentation and advanced t...

Fernandes, Tiago; Campilho, Raul; Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas da

The integrity of multi-component structures is usually determined by their unions. Adhesive-bonding is often used over traditional methods because of the reduction of stress concentrations, reduced weight penalty, and easy manufacturing. Commercial adhesives range from strong and brittle (e.g., Araldite® AV138) to less strong and ductile (e.g., Araldite® 2015). A new family of polyurethane adhesives combines hi...


Effect of temperature on the shear strength of aluminium single lap bonded join...

Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas F. M. da; Campilho, Raul

An experimental and numerical investigation into the shear strength behaviour of adhesive single lap joints (SLJs) was carried out in order to understand the effect of temperature on the joint strength. The adherend material used for the experimental tests was an aluminium alloy in the form of thin sheets, and the adhesive used was a high-strength high temperature epoxy. Tensile tests as a function of temperatu...


Adherend thickness effect on the tensile fracture toughness of a structural adh...

Campilho, Raul; Moura, Daniel C.; Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas F. M. da

Adhesive bonding is nowadays a serious candidate to replace methods such as fastening or riveting, because of attractive mechanical properties. As a result, adhesives are being increasingly used in industries such as the automotive, aerospace and construction. Thus, it is highly important to predict the strength of bonded joints to assess the feasibility of joining during the fabrication process of components (...


Smart Adhesive Joints: An overview of recent developments

Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas F. M. da; Carbas, Ricardo J.C.; Campilho, Raul

Adhesive bonding is a viable technique for joining a wide range of materials. However, increasing the lifetime, reducing the costs, and improving the safety of structures are highly demanded nowadays. Hence, the development of new technologies and processes for easy recycle, heal, or self-heal of bonded structures are becoming of great interest for the industry. This paper provides an overview of the current de...


Mechanical and thermal characterization of a structural polyurethane adhesive m...

Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas F. M. da; Carbas, Ricardo J.C.; Campilho, Raul

Thermally expandable particles (TEPs) are used in a wide variety of applications by industry mainly for weight reduction and appearance improvement for thermoplastics, inks, and coatings. In adhesive bonding, TEPs have been used for recycling purposes. However, TEPs might be used to modify structural adhesives for other new purposes, such as: to increase the joint strength by creating an adhesive functionally m...


Tensile behaviour of a structural adhesive at high temperatures by the extended...

Campilho, Raul; Banea, Mariana D.; Silva, Lucas F. M. da

Component joining is typically performed by welding, fastening, or adhesive-bonding. For bonded aerospace applications, adhesives must withstand high-temperatures (200°C or above, depending on the application), which implies their mechanical characterization under identical conditions. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is an enhancement of the finite element method (FEM) that can be used for the strengt...


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