Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.; Comprehensive, comparable, and timely estimates of demographic metrics—including life expectancy and age-specific mortality—are essential for evaluating, understanding, and addressing trends in population health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of timely and all-cau...
Funding Information: AGM was supported by the National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR Manchester BRC). We thank Mrs Maria Kritikou for excellent administrative support of the study Publisher Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Copyright: Copyright 2021 El...