Highlights: -o-Phenylphenol (OPP) is safe when used as preservative up to a maximum concentration of 0.2 % in rinse-off cosmetic products; - o-Phenylphenol (OPP) is safe when used as preservative up to a maximum concentration of 0.15 % in leave-on cosmetic products; - Sodium o-Phenylphenate is safe when used as preservative up to a maximum concentration of 0.2 % in rinse-off cosmetic products; - Sodium o-Phenyl...
Highlights: -BZP-4 is safe when used as UV filter up to a max. conc. of 5 % in sunscreen, all leave-on products (tot. dermal aggregate); -BZP-4 is safe when used as UV filter up to a max. conc. of 5 % in sunscreen, all rinse-off products (tot. dermal aggregate); -Same for lipstick, sunscreen propellant and pump spray (separately or in combination based on determ. aggregated exposure); -BZP-4 use as stabiliser w...
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a crucial approach for exposure assessment, as emphasised in the European Commission’s Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS). HBM can help to improve chemical policies in five major key areas: (1) assessing internal and aggregate exposure in different target populations; 2) assessing exposure to chemicals across life stages; (3) assessing combined exposure to multiple chemical...
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a crucial approach for exposure assessment, as emphasised in the European Commission’s Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS). HBM can help to improve chemical policies in five major key areas: (1) assessing internal and aggregate exposure in different target populations; 2) assessing exposure to chemicals across life stages; (3) assessing combined exposure to multiple chemical...
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a crucial approach for exposure assessment, as emphasised in the European Commission's Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS). HBM can help to improve chemical policies in five major key areas: (1) assessing internal and aggregate exposure in different target populations; 2) assessing exposure to chemicals across life stages; (3) assessing combined exposure to multiple chemical...
Effect biomarkers can be used to elucidate relationships between exposure to environmental chemicals and their mixtures with associated health outcomes, but they are often underused, as underlying biological mechanisms are not understood. We aim to provide an overview of available effect biomarkers for monitoring chemical exposures in the general and occupational populations and highlight their potential in mon...
Effect biomarkers can be used to elucidate relationships between exposure to environmental chemicals and their mixtures with associated health outcomes, but they are often underused, as underlying biological mechanisms are not understood. We aim to provide an overview of available effect biomarkers for monitoring chemical exposures in the general and occupational populations, and highlight their potential in mo...