Background: Hypermagnesemia predicts mortality in chronic heart failure (HF); however, in acute HF, magnesium does not seem to be outcome-associated. Diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently associates with altered magnesium status. We hypothesized that DM might influence the prognostic impact of magnesium in acute HF. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with acute HF. Patients witho...
Aims: Risk stratification in acute heart failure (HF) patients can help to decide therapies and time for discharge. The potential of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in HF has been previously shown. We aimed to study the importance of GDF-15-level variations in acute HF patients. Methods and results: We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of patients hospitalized due to acute HF. GDF-15 was measured bot...
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) is being scrutinized for repositioning in the treatment and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This antimalarial drug is also chronically used to treat patients with autoimmune diseases. By analyzing the Portuguese anonymized data on private and public based medical prescriptions we have identified all cases chronically receivin...
Introduction and Objectives: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) are the cornerstone of treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). RAASi optimization in real-life care is challenged by hyperkalemia, a potentially fatal adverse event, which can necessitate downtitration or discontinuation of RAASi and negatively impact survival in HFrEF. The literature on this problem ...
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure (HF), associated with increased mortality. The impact of temporal evolution of kidney function in HF prognosis is largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of renal function over time in all-cause mortality among ambulatory patients with HF. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 560 patients with HF with left ventricular systo...
Aims: Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is frequent in the general population; however, the assessment of diastolic function remains challenging. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the recent 2016 American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) recommendations in the prevalence and grades of DD compared with the 2009 guidelines and the Canberra Study Criteria (CSC). Me...
Introduction and objectives: Hypertension causes subclinical changes in left ventricular structure and function, namely diastolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction is a predictor of heart failure, being involved in the association between hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We aimed to determine whether patients with prehypertension have early changes in diastolic function in a lar...
Background: High diuretic doses in chronic heart failure (HF) are potentially deleterious. We assessed the effect of dynamic furosemide dose on all-cause mortality among HF ambulatory patients. Methods and Results: A cohort of 560 ambulatory patients from an outpatient clinic specialized in HF, with median age 70 years, 67% male, and 89% with moderate-severely reduced ejection fraction, was retrospectively foll...