A fragment of the mitochondrial control region was used to assess phylogeographic patterns and historical demography of the sand-smelt Atherina presbyter in the North-eastern Atlantic, covering its geographical range. A striking result is the highly marked diVerentiation between the Canary Islands population and western European ones. A genetic structure among European populations of A. presbyter was revealed, ...
The genus Atherina (Sand-smelts) is distributed in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, extending south along the African coast into the Indian Ocean (Quignard and Pras, 1986). It is a genus of small inshore fishes with many populations living in brackish and freshwater. The taxonomy of the genus has been troublesome due to the intraspecific variability of some of its species, the overlap of charac...
The zebrafish Danio rerio has recently emerged as an eminent vertebrate model for studyign genetics and development. Given the considerable importance of zebrafish as an experimental model, along with the significant economic costs associated with their large-scale use and maintenance of culturing facilities, it is to some extent surprising that their husbandry is poorly developed.
Matrix Gla protein (mgp), a vitamin K-dependent protein, is an important element of skeleton development as it regulates mineralization of both cartilaginous and bony structures, among others. Although mgp is found in a wide range of tissues, it is known to be expressed mostly by chondrocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Accordingly, inhibition of Mgp function results in over-mineralization of cartilages a...
The vitamin K-dependent gamma carboxylase (VKGC) is responsible for the post-translational modification of glutamate residues to y-carboxy glumatic acid (Gla), in the presence of the co-factor, vitamin K. This modification has important implications, such as physiological homeostasis, signal transduction and bone calcification. This mechanism ensures complete carboxylation of coagulation factors, and matrix pro...
Most animals have the ability to regenerate epidermal injuries yet only a few can regenerate largely severed appendages that comprise several different tissues. Nowadays zebrafish is one of the most used metazoan models in regeneration studies in particular for investigation of molecular events during fin regeneration process. Fin regeneration starts through the formation of a blastema, a set of heterogeneous m...
Mammals have the ability to regenerate some tissues such as blood and liver, but the majority of organs fail to regenerate. In contrast, zebrafish is capable of regenerating complex organs/tissues such as optic nerve, scales, heart and fins, and is presently one of the most used metazoan in regeneration research.
Mammals have the ability to regenerate some tissues such as blood and liver, but the majority of organs fail to regenerate. In contrast, zebrafish is capable of regenerating complex organs/tissues such as optic nerve, scales, heart and fins, and is presently one of the most used metazoan in regeneration research. Zebrafish fin is composed of multiple fin rays with bony parts (lepidotrichia) originated by intram...
Most animals have the ability to regenerate epidermal injuries yet only a few can regenerate largely severed appendages that comprise several different tissues. Nowadays zebrafish is one of the most used metazoan models in regeneration studies in particular for investigation of molecular events during fin regeneration process. Fin regeneration starts through the formation of a blastema, a set of heterogeneous m...
Teleost fishes have the exceptional ability to largely regenerate severed appendages comprising several different tissues. Fin regeneration starts through the formation of heterogeneous mesenchyma-like cells, named blastema, and located between stump tissues and the wounded epidermis. This event, denominated epimorphic regeneration, comprises strict growth control and cell reprogramming leading to faithful rest...