Caffeine is associated with procognitive effects in humans by counteracting overactivation of the adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R), which is upregulated in the human forebrain of aged and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We have previously shown that an anti-A(2A)R therapy reverts age-like memory deficits, by reestablishment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback and corticosterone circadi...