Cystatin F (CstF) is a protease inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, including those involved in activating the perforin/granzyme cytotoxic pathways. It is targeted at the endolysosomal pathway but can also be secreted to the extracellular milieu or endocytosed by bystander cells. CstF was shown to be significantly increased in tuberculous pleurisy, and during HIV coinfection, pleural fluids display high viral loa...
Since the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV-associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively refer...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 in latently infected people, and even patients with controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (AR...
Macrophages (Mø) and dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and pathogenesis. They are essential for the spread of HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes (TCD4+) during acute infection. In addition, they constitute a persistently infected reservoir in which viral production is maintained for long periods of time during chronic infection. Defining how HIV interacts with these ce...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 in latently infected people, and even patients with controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (AR...
In this article, electrolytic (ionic) conductivity measurements of four ionic liquids (ILs), namely, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide ([C2mim][NTf2]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C2mim][OTf]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C6mim][NTf2]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([C2mim][EtSO4]) (ECOENG212 ), wer...
Neste artigo, abordaremos vários aspectos de enquadramento teórico dos estudos de Clima Organizacional. Primeiro, serão elucidadas as significações deste conceito. São abordadas as correntes teóricas e distinguidas tendências existentes no âmbito da literatura através de um estudo de levantamento de referências e análise de correspondências das mesmas. A formação do Clima, será analisada A luz dos quadros de re...