In this work the spectral properties of a novel coumarin tetra-fluorophenyl ester, suitable for labeling biomolecules containing amine groups by formation of an amide bond, were investigated in different solvents.; This work was co-financed by FCT –Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the project "MICROTECH-ART- Microorganisms Thriving on and Endamaging Cultural Heritage -an Analytical Rapid Tool-"(PT...
The suitability of using a novel coumarin TFP ester for the synthesis of fluorescent FISH probes with a single fluorophore was investigated in this work.; This work was co-financed by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the project "MICROTECH-ART- Microorganisms Thriving on and Endamaging Cultural Heritage -an Analytical Rapid Tool-" (PTDC/BBB-IMG/0046/2014) and by European Union, European Regi...
Various non-invasive RNA-FISH methodologies were tested in this work. They seem to be good alternatives for analyzing the potential biodeteriogenic microorganisms thriving in CH objects.; This work was co- financed by FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the project "MICROTECH-ART- Microorganisms Thriving on and Endamaging Cultural Heritage -an Analytical Rapid Tool-" (PTDC/BBB-IMG/0046/2014) and ...
The development of simple and rapid new approaches for analysing microbial communities colonising Cultural Heritage materials is pivotal for its safeguard. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique using ribosomal RNA directed probes (RNA-FISH) has demonstrated a great potential for this purpose. A protocol for analysing filamentous fungi in mortars has been already developed in previous studies. In this wor...
A 16th century liturgical cope belonging to D. Teotónio of Braganza (collection of the Museum of Évora, ME 172/1) was selected for a material study. The cope is made of variety of materials that include two different types of metal threads, dyed silk yarns, and vegetable yarns used in the weft. Several samples from different points representing the different metal thread types and colored silk yarns were collec...
This work comprises the use of a multi-analytical approach combined with microbiological studies to characterize six paper samples, containing foxing stains, from the 20th century, regarding their cellulose matrix, fillers, and sizing materials, and to evaluate possible paper degradation that might have occurred during the foxing stains. Photography under different illuminations and optical microscopy were used...
Deterioration of graphical documents can occur naturally as a result of aging, but it can be accelerated by poor manufacturing constituents or conditions. One indicator of deterioration can be discoloration or staining of the surface. Among these paper discoloration processes is foxing, which has been actively researched since the 1930s. Our attention herein is focused on trying to elucidate its causes and to e...
Teotónio of Braganza (1530-1602) was the fifth son of Duke Jaime I of Braganza and his second wife, Joana de Mendonza. The Braganza’s were the most important of the Portuguese noble families, which became the 4th and last dynasty of the kingdom. Teotónio rose to archiepiscopal rank in 1544 and became the 4th Archbishop of Évora from 1578 until his death. He also held other several ecclesiastical positions, name...
This work is focused on FISH technique optimization for yeast and bacteria analysis, by enhancing the FISH signals by increasing the number of fluorescent cells and their fluorescence intensities. With this aim different fixation procedures and hybridization conditions were tested. The modifications introduced in the procedure represent an important contribution for FISH optimization.
In the present study several FISH procedures, varying on the fixatives used (50,80 and 96% ethanol aqueous solutions), were investigated for analyzing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria cells harvested at different growth stages. The universal bacterial EUB338 Cy3-labeled probe were used and FISH signals were analyzed by: i) flow cytometry, in terms of percentage of fluorescent cells, average and tot...