We thank Herdade da Aposti\u00E7a's administration for granting us access to their premises, and to two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved a previous version of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.; Forest decline is a complex phenomenon; however, there is often a tendency to oversimplify by attributing it to a single cause, neglecting the interaction of multiple fac...
FAO's most recent assessments indicate that, globally, in 2011-13, about one in eight people in the world are likely to have suffered from chronic hunger, not having adequate food supplies for an active and healthy life. Food security crises are now caused, almost exclusively, by problems in access to food, not absolute food availability, but, monitoring agricultural production remains fundamental. Traditional ...
Coastal dunes constitute complex interface ecosystems between the land and sea, providing important ecological and socio-economic services like coastal protection, recreation, regulation, food supply and biodiversity. They are characterized by high ecological diversity and also by extremely specialized and endemic species. Coastal areas, because of their position between land and sea, are attractive for many hu...