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A review on aquatic toxins: do we really know it all regarding the environmenta...

Pinto, Albano; Botelho, Maria João; Churro, Catarina; Asselman, Jana; Pereira, Patrícia; Pereira, Joana Luísa

Aquatic toxins are potent natural toxins produced by certain cyanobacteria and marine algae species during harmful cyanobacterial and algal blooms (CyanoHABs and HABs, respectively). These harmful bloom events and the toxins produced during these events are a human and environmental health concern worldwide, with occurrence, frequency and severity of CyanoHABs and HABs being predicted to keep increasing due to ...


Distribution, identification and cytotoxicity of Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae) in...

Godinho, Lia; Soliño, Lucia; Churro, Catarina; Timoteo, Viriato; Santos, Carolina; Gouveia, Neide; Diogène, Jorge; Reis Costa, Pedro

The emerging threat of ciguatera poisoning (CP) in Europe has been associated with fish captured in the Canary Islands (Spain) and Selvagens Islands (Portugal). The first are heavily populated islands where numerous scientific studies have been carried out. Conversely, the Selvagens Islands are a nature reserve with low human pressure that have been rarely surveyed in terms of the marine benthic microalgae, inc...


Níveis de risco de ocorrência de cianobactérias tóxicas em águas doces superfic...

Menezes, Carina; Churro, Catarina; Dias, Elsa

O crescimento massivo de cianobactérias (florescência) em águas doces superficiais é um fenómeno comum em Portugal. As florescências cianobacterianas constituem um risco para a saúde pública uma vez que algumas espécies produzem compostos que induzem efeitos toxicos agudos e/ou crónicos. As cianotoxinas mais comuns são as microcistinas, que para além de induzirem hepatotoxicidade aguda, são classificados pela I...


Evaluating the influence of light intensity in mcyA gene expression and microcy...

Salvador, Daniel; Churro, Catarina; Valério, Elisabete

Cyanobacteria are phytoplanktonic organisms widely occurring in freshwaters, being frequently associated with the production of toxins, especially microcystins (MCs). MCs are produced non-ribosomally by a multienzyme complex (mcy genes). It has been reported that environmental factors, such as light intensity, can influence toxin production. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of light intensity i...


Risk Levels of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Portuguese Recreational Freshwaters

Menezes, Carina; Churro, Catarina; Dias, Elsa

Portuguese freshwater reservoirs are important socio-economic resources, namely for recreational use. National legislation concerning bathing waters does not include mandatory levels or guidelines for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. This is an issue of concern since cyanotoxin-based evidence is insufficient to change the law, and the collection of scientific evidence has been hampered by the lack of regulatory l...


Risk Levels of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Portuguese Recreational Freshwaters

Menezes, Carina; Churro, Catarina; Dias, Elsa

Portuguese freshwater reservoirs are important socio-economic resources, namely for recreational use. National legislation concerning bathing waters does not include mandatory levels or guidelines for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. This is an issue of concern since cyanotoxin-based evidence is insufficient to change the law, and the collection of scientific evidence has been hampered by the lack of regulatory l...


Detection of a Planktothrix agardhii Bloom in Portuguese Marine Coastal Waters

Churro, Catarina; Azevedo, Joana; Vasconcelos, Vitor; Duarte Silva, Alexandra

Cyanobacteria blooms are frequent in freshwaters and are responsible for water quality deterioration and human intoxication. Although, not a new phenomenon, concern exists on the increasing persistence, scale, and toxicity of these blooms. There is evidence, in recent years, of the transfer of these toxins from inland to marine waters through freshwater outflow. However, the true impact of these blooms in marin...


Evaluating the influence of light intensity in mcyA gene expression and microcy...

Salvador, Daniel; Churro, Catarina; Valério, Elisabete

Cyanobacteria are phytoplanktonic organisms widely occurring in freshwaters, being frequently associated with the production of toxins, namely microcystins (MCs). MCs are produced non-ribosomally by a multienzyme complex (mcy genes). It has been reported that environmental factors, such as light intensity, can influence toxin production. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of light intensity in th...


Minimum inhibitory concentrations and antibiotic resistant genes in the freshwa...

Dias, Elsa; Oliveira, Micaela; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Manageiro, Vera; Churro, Catarina; Vasconcelos, Vítor; Ferreira, Eugénia; Caniça, Manuela

Objectives: Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous prokaryotes in aquatic ecosystems and although they can be exposed to antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria, their role on water resistome was never investigated. Planktothrix agardhii is one of the most common cyanobacteria species in Portuguese freshwater reservoirs, often exhibition long residence time in those reservoirs. This work aimed to evaluate the antib...


Risk levels of toxic cyanobacteria in portuguese recreational freshwaters

Menezes, Carina; Churro, Catarina; Brandão, João; Dias, Elsa

Portuguese surface freshwaters are widely used as a source of drinking water as well as bathing water. Cyanobacterial blooming in these water resources are common and are often associated with cyanotoxin production. The Portuguese legislation for drinking water (Decreto-Lei nº306/2007) establishes the regulatory level of 1 μg/L for total microcystins in treated water. This parameter is determined when eutrophic...


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