Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Maçãs, Costa, Gomes, Bagulho, Pinheiro, Moreira, Costa, Patanita, Dores and Rodrigo.; Introduction: Being one of the “big three” most cultivated cereals in the world, wheat plays a crucial role in ensuring global food/nutrition security, supplying close to 20% of the global needs for calories and proteins. However, the increasingly large fluctuations between years in temper...