Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s); Human health risk assessment is historically built upon animal testing, often following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines and exposure assessments. Using combinations of human relevant in vitro models, chemical analysis and computational (in silico) approaches bring advantages compared to animal studies. These include a great...
Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent contribution and the aquafeeds resources provided by Jorge Dias (SPAROS, Lda.) and the seabream specimens provided by Achilleas Chatzopoulos (SKALOMA, S.A.) for the experimental trials. The authors also thank to i) the strategic project UIDB/04292/2020 granted to MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre) and the project LA/P/0069/202...
Funding Information: The authors are grateful to all experts from academia, institutes and industry that have participated in discussions that helped formulate the present strategy paper. They would also like to thank ISES Europe for initiating the discussions to prepare a European Exposure Science Strategy 2030. The German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BauA), National Institute for Publ...
Effect biomarkers can be used to elucidate relationships between exposure to environmental chemicals and their mixtures with associated health outcomes, but they are often underused, as underlying biological mechanisms are not understood. We aim to provide an overview of available effect biomarkers for monitoring chemical exposures in the general and occupational populations, and highlight their potential in mo...