Hemodialysis catheters are frequently used for vascular access in end-stage chronic kidney disease patients lacking mature arteriovenous fistula. The incidence of infective endocarditis in hemodialysis patients is higher than in the general population and is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening complications. A high index of suspicion is imperative for early diagnosis and timely intervention ...
High-risk surgery is related to the extent, invasiveness and complexity of the procedure, factors that result in an increased stress response due to surgical trauma, increased oxygen demand and increased rate of postoperative complications, which may lead to patient death. Classically, the perioperative period comprises three interrelated sequential phases: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Regard...