Evolution of limonoids in the Meliaceae appears to be consistent with the resistance of Melioideae against the shoot borer Hypsipyla. The limonoid chemistry of Toona, which has shown absence of attacks of H. grandella, is reminiscent of Melioidease. An investigation of T. ciliata, has led to the identification of two novel meliacin butenolides, 21-hydroxycedrelonelide and 23-hydroxycedrelonelide, two known limo...