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Human biomonitoring and toxicokinetics as key building blocks for next generati...

Reale, Elena; Zare Jeddi, Maryam; Paini, Alicia; Connolly, Alison; Duca, Radu; Cubadda, Francesco; Benfenati, Emilio; Bessems, Jos; S. Galea, Karen

Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s); Human health risk assessment is historically built upon animal testing, often following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines and exposure assessments. Using combinations of human relevant in vitro models, chemical analysis and computational (in silico) approaches bring advantages compared to animal studies. These include a great...


Developing human biomonitoring as a 21st century toolbox within the European ex...

Zare Jeddi, Maryam; Hopf, Nancy B.; Louro, Henriqueta; Viegas, Susana; Galea, Karen S.; Pasanen-Kase, Robert; Santonen, Tiina; Mustieles, Vicente

Funding Information: The authors are grateful to all experts from academia, institutes and industry that have participated in discussions that helped formulate the present strategy paper. They would also like to thank ISES Europe for initiating the discussions to prepare a European Exposure Science Strategy 2030. The German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BauA), National Institute for Publ...


Towards a systematic use of effect biomarkers in population and occupational bi...

Zare Jeddi, Maryam; Hopf, Nancy B.; Viegas, Susana; Price, Anna Bal; Paini, Alicia; van Thriel, Christoph; Benfenati, Emilio; Ndaw, Sophie; Bessems, Jos

Effect biomarkers can be used to elucidate relationships between exposure to environmental chemicals and their mixtures with associated health outcomes, but they are often underused, as underlying biological mechanisms are not understood. We aim to provide an overview of available effect biomarkers for monitoring chemical exposures in the general and occupational populations, and highlight their potential in mo...


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