ABSTRACT Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in research should focus on the engagement of patients/carers in every stage of the research cycle. However, the inconsistent level of education and research experience may compromise this involvement and training and support are recommended. In Portugal, consistent training to empower patients in their health decisions, or to be involved in research is neither avai...
Abstract Allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics are the most common cause of allergic drug reactions. The incorrect diagnosis prevents patients from receiving a highly effective therapy. The potential cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporin has very significant therapeutic implications. Penicillins and cephalosporins share a common beta-lactam ring and side chains. A number of studies indic...