The simultaneous consumption and misuse of different drugs, including 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) and opioids, raise concerns about fatal intoxications, as a result of increased serotonin levels. However, research on the simultaneous consumption of MDMA and opioids is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of the simultaneous exposure of the undifferentiated human SH-SY5Y...
Background: Cebranopadol, a promising opioid analgesic undergoing phase III trials, was developed for the treatment of acute and chronic moderate-to-severe pain. Because it is a non-selective ligand acting at more than one member of the opioid receptor family, combining a dual agonist action on mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors (MOR, DOR, and KOR) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors, it has...
Background: Tramadol is mainly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It synergistically combines two distinct mechanisms of action, being a selective agonist for mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and inhibiting serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, which improves its analgesic and safety profile [1]. However, it is not devoid of neurobehavioral toxicity potential [2], whose molecular alterations are not fu...
Background: Environmental pollution exposes human to various toxics. Food is one main route of toxic exposure, encompass pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals and nanoplastics [1]. Maternal exposure is a concern due to rising childhood neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders (ASD) [1,2] and en...